Autorité et médias sociaux. Une approche discursive de l'autorité dans le Web social

This article aims to demonstrate the existence of processes of constructing discursive authority in the social (or participative) web. To accomplish this, we will first provide a theoretical overview of the concept of authority, which will enable us to distinguish between its defining elements and its situational manifestations. Then, we will examine three non-exhaustive but prototypical examples of communication on collaborative web platforms to show how certain linguistic-discursive and technological characteristics of these environments facilitate the creation of a discourse marked by trust and, as a result, authoritative for different user communities. Our analyses will start from an examination of internet memes, where both certain dissemination logics and techno-enunciative characteristics reveal the persistence of discourse authorization mechanisms that lie somewhere between technological parameters and enunciative postures. Then, we will illustrate the strategies used by users, who can be regarded as scientific "influencers" on Twitter, to establish their legitimacy and online credibility. Finally, we will look at a collaborative creative writing project on Twitter ("Bowary") to explore the relationships between the notion of authority and this new form of shared authorship online.

本文旨在论证社交（或参与式）网络中话语权威建构过程的存在性。为此，本文首先将对权威概念展开理论梳理，借此厘清其核心界定要素与情境化表现形式。随后，本文将选取协作式网络平台上的三类非穷尽但具典型性的传播案例，剖析该类平台的语言-话语与技术特征如何催生兼具信任特质的话语，进而使其在不同用户社群中获得权威性。本研究的分析将首先从互联网迷因（internet memes）展开：其传播逻辑与技术-话语特征均印证了介于技术参数与话语姿态之间的话语授权机制依然存续。其次，本文将阐释推特（Twitter）上可被视为科学“网红”的用户，为确立自身合法性与线上公信力所采用的话语策略。最后，本文将以推特（Twitter）上的协作式创意写作项目“Bowary”为研究对象，探讨权威概念与这种新型线上共享创作署名模式之间的内在关联。