Labour Force Survey 2013, 3rd Quarter

Labour Force Survey 2013, 3rd Quarter.

As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level.

As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment and educational level, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the aforementioned areas.

As of the 1st quarter of 2009 the new classification of economic activities: SN2007/ISIC rev 5 replaces SN2002/ISIC Rev 4.

As of the 1st quarter of 2011 the new classification of occupants STYRK-08/ISCO-08 replaces STYRK/ISCO-88.

From 2011 the new standard classification of occupations STYRK-08 replaces the previously used STYRK. From 1st quarter of 2011 professions are coded for both old and new occupational standards. On the basis of this double coding transition keys between old and new standards is calculated. The occupational figures for 2011, will because of this, not be comparable with previous years.

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Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development.

In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: “Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser”, SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: “Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics.

In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and “over employment” in the original questionnaire were abandoned.

From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The “old” means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the “new” implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987.
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Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable “Labour-market status” was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. In addition, an escalation scheme to increase the sample size was started. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number.

In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new Norwegian standard classification of occupations (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

2013年第三季度劳动力调查。

自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计署（Statistics Norway, SSB）便开展官方季度劳动力调查（以下简称AKU）。本次调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他相关方提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变的相关信息，同时为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础数据与统计素材。1992年起，AKU的样本具备县级代表性；1972年至1991年期间，样本仅具备县对层面的代表性。

自2006年1月起，AKU进行了重大修订，以提升其与其他国家同类调查的可比性。修订内容包括：对失业与教育水平的定义进行小幅调整，对问卷进行优化与扩容，以及变更年龄统计口径（采用基准时点年龄而非年末年龄）。同时，AKU的纳入年龄下限从16岁下调至15岁。上述调整导致上述领域的时间序列出现断裂。

自2009年第一季度起，全新的经济活动分类标准SN2007/国际标准产业分类（ISIC）修订第5版取代了SN2002/ISIC修订第4版。

自2011年第一季度起，全新的职业分类标准STYRK-08/国际职业分类标准（ISCO）第08版取代了STYRK/ISCO第88版。

2011年起，全新的职业分类标准STYRK-08取代了此前使用的STYRK。自2011年第一季度起，所有职业均同时按照新旧两套职业标准进行编码。基于此双重编码流程，可测算出新旧标准间的转换系数。正因如此，2011年的职业统计数据无法与此前年份的数据进行横向比较。

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最初，AKU的受访对象需在一年中连续两个季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行连续两个季度的访谈。1988年之前，每季度的样本量约为10000至11000名受访者。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障会员索引档案的月度职业统计的分析补充。但自1971年1月1日起，疾病津贴被纳入国民保险体系，基于社会保障的月度职业统计随之停更，AKU也逐渐演变为了解劳动力市场现状及其发展态势的最核心数据来源。

1975年，挪威统计署修订了调查研究的抽样框架，相关细节可参见Steinar Tamsfoss撰写的《挪威统计署访谈研究办公室随机样本使用规范》（原文为挪威语："Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser", SSB）以及Ib Thomsen撰写的《挪威统计署抽样调查原则与方法》（原文为挪威语："Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse", SØS 33）。与此同时，将样本数据推算至全国总水平的估算方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起可生成合理的区域层面统计数据。1975年的修订改变了群体访谈的实施方式，其中一项直接后果便是打破了AKU原有的面板轮换体系。

1976年的AKU调查引入了小幅修订后的问卷，同时恢复了最初的6个季度轮换方案。新问卷能够更好地识别家庭用工者与临时无薪工作者，因此新增了30000至35000名就业人口。“无收入求职者”群体的范围也得到扩展，将非自愿休假人员纳入其中。原问卷中关于就业不足与“过度就业”的问题则被移除。

自1987年第一季度起，样本数据的全国推算方法进行了小幅调整，就业定义也进行了微调。为确保数据可与此前的调查结果进行比较，研究人员编制了1980年至1986年AKU数据的修订版本。因此，1980年至1987年的AKU数据存在两个版本：分别采用新旧两种估算方法。“旧版本”的数据可与1972年至1987年期间发布的原始统计数据进行比较，而“新版本”的数据则可与1987年之后发布的统计数据进行比较。
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1988年第一季度至第二季度期间，AKU的数据文件格式进行了修订：“劳动力市场状态”变量的编码规则发生变更。同时，数据收集方式也进行了调整：从每季度固定访谈某一周调整为持续性的周度访谈。此外，还启动了样本量扩容计划。上述变更对样本权重产生了影响，自1988年第二季度起，样本权重改为按月重新计算。为使季度或年度数据文件匹配全国总统计数据，需将月度权重除以3或12以得到正确的总权重。

1996年，AKU进行了重大修订，涉及问卷、数据文件格式以及行业与职业编码标准。数据收集方式也变更为计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, CATI）。新的行业分类标准NOS C 182正式启用，该标准基于欧盟行业分类标准（NACE）修订第1版，并于2002年与2007年进行了更新。同时，1996年起正式采用基于国际职业分类标准（ISCO）第88版的挪威职业分类新标准（STYRK）。由于新职业分类体系未开发对应的社会经济地位变量，原数据中的社会经济地位指标被移除。