High-risk areas of leprosy in Brazil between 2001-2015

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify high-risk areas of leprosy in Brazil from 2001 to 2015. Methods: this is an ecological study of spatial analysis based on Brazilian municipalities. Spatial scan statistics were used to identify spatial clustering and measure the relative risk from the annual detection rate of new cases of leprosy. By criterion based on the Gini index, only secondary clusters were considered. Results: spatial scan statistics detected 26 clusters, in which the detection rate was 59.19 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants, while in the remainder of the country it was 11.76. Large part of the cluster area is located in the Legal Amazon. These groups included only 21.34% of the total population, but 60.40% of the new cases of the disease. Conclusions: Leprosy remains concentrated in some areas, showing the need for control programs to intensify actions in these municipalities.

摘要
研究目的：明确2001年至2015年巴西麻风病的高风险区域。
研究方法：本研究为基于巴西各市政单位的空间生态学研究，采用空间扫描统计法，依据麻风病新发病例年度检出率识别空间聚集区域并测算相对风险；基于基尼指数判定标准，仅纳入次级聚集簇。
研究结果：空间扫描统计共检出26个聚集簇，该类区域的麻风病检出率为每10万居民59.19例，而巴西其余区域的检出率为11.76例；聚集区绝大部分位于法定亚马逊地区（Legal Amazon）。上述聚集簇仅覆盖全国21.34%的总人口，但却贡献了60.40%的麻风病新发病例。
研究结论：麻风病仍在部分区域呈集中分布态势，提示麻风病防控项目需强化上述市政辖区的防控工作。