Social Structure of Australia Project, 1986

The general aim of this study was to investigate contemporary Australian class structure. As part of this general aim, the study also sought to provide a profile of the class structure of contemporary Australian society in relational terms; relate the class model to a number of specific variables in the area of ideology and political participation; examine the differential nature of men's and women's access to, orientations toward and positions in the labour process; and to provide the Australian component of a major international comparative project on class structure in a number of advanced industrial societies. Two questionnaires were employed: a Workforce Questionnaire which was administered by personal interview, and a separate attitude questionnaire which the respondent completed alone. The Workforce Questionnaire consisted of several sections. The first section, Current Occupation and Employment, asked detailed questions about current job, industry sector, employment status, promotion and seniority, educational qualifications required, and the male-female ratio in the job. Sections on Job Autonomy, Supervision, and Decision-making asked about job flexibility and ability to make effective decisions, job conditions and the respondent's supervisory role. Other sections were Work/Unemployment History, and Union Participation. These sections were followed by a detailed section on the household division of labour, which asked questions on living arrangements, partner's occupation and previous work experience, numbers of children in the household, and an extensive set of questions on many household tasks and who performs them, as well as family decision making. A Family Background section covered financial support and parents' work and educational qualifications, while a section on Friends and Relatives asked about occupation details for the respondent's closest two friends or relatives. A section on Ideology, Interests, Identity and Alliances asked about personal identification, views of Australian society, subjective views on social class, interest in and participation in political process, voting behaviour, political actions and membership of organisations. Finally, this questionnaire included a section for demographic information, covering age, sex, education, birthplace of respondent and parents, religion and church attendance, home ownership, personal and household income, and household composition. The separate attitude questionnaire asked about views on current social and political issues, the media, opinions on poverty and strikes, economic issues such as taxes and big business, government and government institutions, women's issues, attitudes to work and work organisations.

本研究的总体目标为探究当代澳大利亚阶级结构。作为该总体目标的组成部分，本研究同时达成多项子目标：从关系维度刻画当代澳大利亚社会的阶级结构全貌；将阶级分析模型与意识形态及政治参与领域内的多项特定变量建立关联；考察男性与女性在劳动过程中的机会获取、认知倾向与所处位置的差异特征；并为一项覆盖若干发达工业社会的大型国际阶级结构比较研究项目提供澳大利亚地区数据集。本研究采用两套问卷工具：一套为通过当面访谈实施的劳动力问卷（Workforce Questionnaire），另一套为由受访者独立完成的态度问卷。劳动力问卷包含多个模块：第一模块「当前职业与就业状况」详细询问了受访者当前工作、所属行业领域、就业身份、晋升与资历情况、岗位所需学历，以及岗位内男女比例等信息；「工作自主性、监督与决策」模块则围绕工作灵活性与有效决策权限、工作环境及受访者的监督职责展开提问。其余模块包括「工作/失业经历」与「工会参与情况」。在上述模块之后，设有详细的「家庭劳动分工」模块，该模块涵盖居住安排、配偶的职业与既往工作经历、家庭子女数量，以及针对多项家务任务及其承担主体、家庭决策方式的大量问题。「家庭背景」模块涉及经济支持、父母的工作经历与学历情况；「亲友关系」模块则询问了受访者最亲近的两位亲友的职业细节。「意识形态、兴趣、身份认同与联盟」模块包含个人身份认同、对澳大利亚社会的观感、社会阶级的主观认知、对政治进程的兴趣与参与情况、投票行为、政治行动及组织成员资格等问题。最后，该问卷设有「人口统计学信息」模块，涵盖受访者及父母的年龄、性别、受教育程度、出生地，宗教信仰与宗教参与频率、房屋所有权状况、个人与家庭收入，以及家庭构成情况。另一套独立的态度问卷则询问了受访者对当前社会与政治议题、媒体环境、贫困与罢工现象的看法，以及税收与大型企业等经济议题、政府及政府机构、女性议题，还有对工作与工作组织的态度。