Aspergillus niger: A Hundred Years of Contribution to the Natural Products Chemistry

Aspergillus niger is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the plant disease called “black mold”, and it is considered the most versatile microorganism for producing acids, proteins, and enzymes of industrial value, besides a variety of compounds of pharmacological interest. This review presents a century of contribution of A. niger in the natural products chemistry under two different perspectives: (i) an overview of the structural diversity of secondary metabolites produced by A. niger from different habitats and their biological activities; (ii) a general discussion of the enzymatic potential of A. niger on the selective biotransformation of terpenes, highlighting the most uncommon microbial transformations.

黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）是一类可引发"黑霉病"的植物病原真菌，同时也是极具工业应用价值的多功能微生物，可用于生产有机酸、蛋白质及各类酶制剂，还能合成多种具有药理学研究价值的化合物。本综述从两个不同视角梳理了黑曲霉一个世纪以来在天然产物化学领域的研究贡献：（i）概述不同生境来源的黑曲霉所产生的次生代谢产物的结构多样性及其生物活性；（ii）全面探讨黑曲霉在萜类化合物选择性生物转化中的酶学潜力，并重点介绍其中较为罕见的微生物转化反应。