Fauna of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Goytacazes National Forest and surrounding area, State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Abstract Mosquitoes comprehend a group with a major impact on public health, because some species transmit parasites vertebrate hosts. Comparative studies between preserved environment and disturbed areas provide important epidemiological information, due to the major knowledge on species populational dynamics and the possibility of a contact between vector species and human population. This work aims to characterize and compare the fauna of mosquitoes in the Goytacazes National Forest (GNF) and surrounding area, in the State of Espírito Santo, in Brazil. Collections occurred simultaneously in a preserved environment and in a peridomicile, from 15:00 to 18:00, between July 2008 and May 2009. In each environment, it was used a modified trap of Shannon type. As a result, 1,490 specimens from 14 genera and 19 identified species were collected. The species diversity (H = 1.95), species richness (S = 17), equitability index (J = 0.68) and the number of collected specimens (n = 1,100) were higher in the forest environment. The plentiful species were respectively Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Rondani, 1848), Culex (Culex) nigripalpus Theobald, 1901 and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann, 1828). Our results demonstrate that the occurrence of vector species in this region increases the potential risk of diverse arboviruses occurrence, especially wild-type yellow fever.

摘要：蚊子是一类对公共卫生影响重大的类群，因部分物种可向脊椎动物宿主传播寄生虫。对原生环境与受干扰区域开展对比研究，可获取重要的流行病学信息——此类研究既能深化对物种种群动态的认知，也有助于明确媒介物种与人类种群发生接触的可能性。本研究旨在对巴西圣埃斯皮里图州戈伊塔卡泽斯国家森林公园（Goytacazes National Forest, GNF）及其周边区域的蚊虫区系进行表征与对比分析。采样工作于2008年7月至2009年5月期间每日15:00至18:00同步开展，采样地点分别为原生环境与家周环境。两处采样环境均采用改良型香农诱捕器（Shannon trap）进行采样。本研究共采集到14属19种蚊虫共计1490号标本。其中，森林公园环境的物种多样性（H=1.95）、物种丰富度（S=17）、均匀度指数（J=0.68）以及采集标本数（n=1100）均高于周边区域。本研究发现的优势蚊虫物种依次为肩纹伊蚊（Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis, Rondani, 1848）、黑跗库蚊（Culex (Culex) nigripalpus, Theobald, 1901）以及淡色伊蚊（Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus, Wiedemann, 1828）。本研究结果表明，该区域媒介物种的存在会提升多种虫媒病毒传播的潜在风险，其中尤以野生型黄热病的传播风险最为突出。