Genetic and environmental similarities drive repeated genomic evolution in island lizards

Repeated adaptation provides valuable insights into the predictability of evolution. Population history, selection and stochastic processes can concur to generate a continuum from distinct to highly parallel evolutionary trajectories across replicate populations. Yet, the role of genetic and environmental factors in shaping this continuum remains underexplored. We quantified repeated genetic adaptation in lizards that colonized multiple islands with comparable environmental gradients, investigating whether environmental-dependent and divergence-dependent processes can explain the degree of repeated adaptation (genetic reuse and trajectory similarity). We found 149 genes exhibiting repeated adaptation in multiple islands, some of which are likely involved in thermal physiology and developmental processes. Genetic reuse was stronger at the functional level than at the mutation level and exceeded random expectations, highlighting that different genetic combinations can generate similar fun..., , # Data accompanying Sherpa et al. Genetic and environmental similarities drive repeated genomic evolution in island lizards

# Experiment

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Double digest restriction associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq)
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# Description of the data

## Dataset 1: Global SNP dataset ('Sherpa_et_al_2025_Mol_Ecol_Dataset_1.vcf')

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- 245 individuals; sample characteristics and raw data accession numbers in Population file 1.
- 343,545 SNPs (filtered for non-biallelic sites, minor allele frequency < 1%, and heterozygosity > 0.6).
- 91,383 loci (filtered for > 25% missing data per SNP overall and > 25% missing data within each island group).
- Format: VCF; alelle model: P. siculus reference genome. Missing genotypes ('./.') denote both uncalled genotypes, and genotype calls with depth of coverage < 5 and > 100.
Used for detection of signatures of selection.
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## Dataset 2: Neutral SNP dataset ('Sherpa_et_al_2025_Mol_Ecol_Dataset_2.vcf')

```
- 245 individuals; sample characteristics and raw data ac...,