Biodetection of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infected mallards data set

Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection included the spread of highly pathogenic AIV in commercial poultry and backyard flocks in the spring of 2015. This resulted in estimated losses of more than $8.5 million from federal government expenditures, $1.6 billion from direct losses to produces arising from destroyed turkey and chicken egg production, and economy-wide indirect costs of $3.3 billion from impacts on retailers and the food service industries. Additionally, these outbreaks resulted in the death or depopulation of nearly 50 million domestic birds. Domesticated male ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were trained to display a specific conditioned behavior (i.e. active scratch alert) in response to feces from AIV-infected mallards in comparison to feces from healthy ducks. In order to establish that ferrets were identifying samples based on odors associated with infection, additional experiments controlled for potentially confounding effects, such as: individual duck identity, housing and feed, inoculation concentration, and day of sample collection (post-infection). A final experiment revealed that trained ferrets could detect AIV infection status even in the presence of samples from mallards inoculated with Newcastle disease virus or infectious laryngotracheitis virus. The data included covers the training with live AIV fecal samples, testing with alternate but similar pathogens, and generalization testing with fecal samples from ducks pre and post infection.We hypothesized that the success of the ferrets in detecting AIV infection in irradiated mallard fecal samples could be repeated using fecal samples from live AIV infected and non-infected ducks. We also conducted experiments that tried to control for diet, location, collection day, and infection from other viruses.For more information about this study and these data, see Golden et al. (2021).

2015年春季，高致病性禽流感病毒（AIV）感染爆发，涉及商业家禽和后院鸡群的扩散。此次疫情导致联邦政府支出估计损失超过8500万美元，因摧毁火鸡和鸡蛋生产而直接损失160亿美元，以及因对零售商和餐饮业的影响而造成的整个经济体间接成本33亿美元。此外，这些疫情导致近5000万只家禽死亡或减少。家养黄鼬（Mustela putorius furo）被训练在接触感染AIV的野鸭粪便时表现出特定的条件行为（即活跃挠痒警觉），与接触健康鸭粪便时的行为相比。为了确立黄鼬是根据与感染相关的气味来识别样本，额外的实验控制了潜在的混淆效应，例如：鸭子的个体身份、住房和饲料、疫苗接种浓度以及样本收集日（感染后）。最终实验显示，经过训练的黄鼬甚至能够在存在接种新城疫病毒或传染性喉气管炎病毒的野鸭样本的情况下，检测到AIV的感染状态。数据包括使用活AIV粪便样本的训练、使用替代但相似的病原体进行测试，以及使用感染前后鸭子的粪便样本进行的一般化测试。我们假设，黄鼬在检测辐射野鸭粪便中的AIV感染方面的成功可以重复使用来自活AIV感染和非感染鸭子的粪便样本。我们还进行了旨在控制饮食、地点、收集日和其他病毒感染的实验。关于本研究和这些数据的更多信息，请参阅Golden等人（2021年）。