Distribution pattern of rocky desertification in southwest China and analysis of its main driving factors based on GIS and Geodetector

Rocky desertification, a pressing environmental concern in Southwest China, significantly impacts local living conditions and regional sustainability. Employing remote sensing on a macro scale, this study focuses on identifying and analyzing the spatial distribution and driving factors of rocky desertification. Conducted in Southwest China, using Landsat data from Google Earth Engine for 2020, the research quantitatively extracts information on rocky desertification patches through traditional methods. Excluding unlikely areas using land use data, spatial distribution features and driving factors are examined via GIS spatial analysis and a geodetector model. The main conclusions are as follows. Rocky desertification covers 217,530.4 km2 (accounting for 15.6% of Southwest China), with areas of slight, moderate, and severe rocky desertification at 81.3%, 7.1%, and 11.6%, respectively. Spatially, rocky desertification primarily occurs in areas where lithology is carbonate rock between clas..., The rocky desertification data were obtained from Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) image data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (\"https://www.usgs.gov\"), de-clouded based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE), and atmospherically corrected using ENVI5.3 Fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes (FLAASH) atmospheric correction tool with a spatial resolution of 30 m [37,38]. The land use type data with a spatial resolution of 1000 m were downloaded from the Resource and Environmental Science and Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (\"https://www.resdc.cn\"). The land use types in these data mainly include watersheds, rivers, and urban industrial construction land, cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and unutilized land. The overall accuracy of this dataset reached 95.41%, which met the needs of this study. The digital elevation model (DEM) data for the study area were obtained from the Geospatial Data Cloud Platform of the Computer Network Inf..., , Data Description:

\[Access this dataset on Dryad\]\(DOI: 10\.5061/dryad\.ns1rn8q0p\)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset encompasses various influencing factors related to land degradation in Southwest China, alongside a collection of remote sensing data used for extracting the extent of land degradation.

### Influencing Factor Data

1. Elevation\_Southwest:

* Data Type: Raster Data
* Resolution: 30 meters
* Unit: Meters
* Description: Elevation data and Slope data for the Southwest China.

2. Lithology\_SouthwestChina:

* Data Type: Vector Data (Shapefile)
* Description: This is about the rock type data of the southwestern region of China, including five provinces: Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Chongqing. It includes the distribution of carbonate rocks, limestone, dolomite, and other types.

3. People\_density\_SouthwestChina:

* Data Type: Raster Data
* Resolution: 1 km
* Unit: People/km²
* Description: Population density data for Southwest China.
...

石漠化是中国西南地区亟待破解的重大环境议题，对当地民生福祉与区域可持续发展造成显著负面影响。本研究采用宏观遥感技术，聚焦石漠化的识别、空间分布特征及其驱动因子分析。研究以中国西南地区为研究区，基于谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine, GEE）获取的2020年Landsat影像数据，采用传统方法定量提取石漠化斑块信息；结合土地利用数据剔除非适宜研究区域，通过地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）空间分析与地理探测器模型（Geodetector）探究石漠化的空间分布特征及其驱动因子。主要研究结论如下：中国西南地区石漠化总面积达217530.4平方千米，占区域总面积的15.6%；其中轻度、中度、重度石漠化占比分别为81.3%、7.1%与11.6%。空间分布上，石漠化主要集中于以碳酸盐岩为基质的区域……

本研究使用的石漠化数据源自美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey, USGS）提供的Landsat 8陆地成像仪（Operational Land Imager, OLI）影像（数据来源："https://www.usgs.gov"），通过谷歌地球引擎（GEE）完成去云处理，并采用ENVI 5.3软件的光谱超立方体快速视场大气分析（Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes, FLAASH）工具进行大气校正，影像空间分辨率为30米[37,38]。空间分辨率为1000米的土地利用类型数据下载自中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心（"https://www.resdc.cn"），该数据包含的土地利用类型主要为水域、河流、城镇工业建设用地、耕地、林地、草地与未利用地。本数据集的总体精度达95.41%，可满足本研究的需求。研究区数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model, DEM）数据获取自中国科学院计算机网络信息中心地理空间数据云平台……

【数据集获取】可在Dryad平台获取本数据集，DOI：10.5061/dryad.ns1rn8q0p

## 数据与文件结构说明
本数据集涵盖中国西南地区土地退化相关的各类影响因子，以及用于提取土地退化范围的遥感数据集。

### 影响因子数据集
1. 西南地区高程数据（Elevation_Southwest）
* 数据类型：栅格数据
* 分辨率：30米
* 单位：米
* 说明：包含中国西南地区的高程与坡度数据。
2. 西南地区岩性数据（Lithology_SouthwestChina）
* 数据类型：矢量数据（Shapefile格式）
* 说明：涵盖中国西南五省市（四川、云南、广西、贵州、重庆）的岩石类型分布数据，包含碳酸盐岩、石灰岩、白云岩等岩性的空间分布信息。
3. 西南地区人口密度数据（People_density_SouthwestChina）
* 数据类型：栅格数据
* 分辨率：1千米
* 单位：人/平方千米
* 说明：中国西南地区的人口密度数据。
……