Supplementary Material for: Associations between Dietary Patterns and Post-Bronchodilation Lung Function in the SAPALDIA Cohort

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not restricted to smokers. Dietary habits may contribute to the disease occurrence. Epidemiological studies point to a protective effect of fruit and vegetable intake against COPD.<i></i> <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and parameters of lung function related to COPD in the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data were included from the<i></i> second follow-up assessment of the SAPALDIA cohort in 2010–2011 using a food frequency questionnaire. Principal component factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns, whose association with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF2575, and COPD was investigated by applying multivariate regression analyses. <b><i>Results:</i></b><i></i> After adjustment for potential confounders, the “prudent dietary pattern” characterised by the predominant food groups vegetables, fruits, water, tea and coffee, fish, and nuts was positively associated with FEV1 (increase of 40 mL per SD, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Also for factor 3 (“high-carbohydrate diet”), we found a significant positive association with FEV1 (with an increase per SD of 36 mL, <i>p</i> = 0.006). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The main results are consistent with a protective effect of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts against age-related chronic respiratory disease. If confirmed in prospective cohorts, our results may guide nutritional counselling towards respiratory health promotion.

背景：慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）并非仅见于吸烟者。饮食习惯或与该病的发生存在关联，既往流行病学研究指出，摄入果蔬对COPD具有保护作用。目的：本研究旨在借助瑞士成人空气污染与心肺疾病队列研究（Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults, SAPALDIA），探讨饮食模式与COPD相关肺功能参数之间的关联。方法：本研究纳入SAPALDIA队列2010至2011年第二次随访评估的数据，评估采用食物频率问卷。通过主成分因子分析提取饮食模式，并采用多变量回归分析探讨该模式与第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）、25%~75%用力肺活量呼气流速（FEF2575）以及COPD的关联。结果：在校正潜在混杂因素后，以蔬菜、水果、水、茶与咖啡、鱼类及坚果为主要食物类别的“谨慎型饮食模式”与FEV1呈显著正相关（每标准差升高40mL，p<0.001）。针对第3个因子“高碳水化合物饮食”，本研究同样发现其与FEV1存在显著正相关（每标准差升高36mL，p=0.006）。结论：本研究主要结果与“富含果蔬、鱼类及坚果的饮食对年龄相关性慢性呼吸系统疾病具有保护作用”这一结论相符。若在前瞻性队列研究中得到验证，本研究结果可为以促进呼吸系统健康为目标的营养咨询提供指导。