Additional file 1 of Sex-specific hypothalamic neuropathology and glucose metabolism in an amyloidosis transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Representative confocal images of amyloid plaques in the Old-AD-Male and Old-AD-Female subsets. 6E10+ and Aβ1–42+ plaques are observed in the fornix (A), mammillary bodies (B), but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Scale bar, 50 μm. Fig. S2 Analysis of amyloid plaques in hypothalamic subdivisions of the young group. Representative images of 6E10 and Aβ1–42 co-staining in hypothalamic preoptic, anterior (A), tuberal, and mammillary (B) regions of Young-AD-Male and Young-AD-Female subsets. Fig. S3 Neurons in various hypothalamic nuclei and neuroinflammation elements. A Images of HuCD immunofluorescence in the young group. Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of the number of HuCD+ neurons in various nuclei. B, C Tnf-a and Ikbkβ mRNA expression in the young group were evaluated. D Images of HuCD immunofluorescence in the young group. Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of the number of HuCD+ neurons in various nuclei. E, F Tnf-a and Ikbkβ mRNA expression in the young group were evaluated. Fig. S4 Staining of IBA1 and GFAP in various hypothalamic nuclei. A Representative image of IBA1 staining in mammillary bodies of the young group. B Percentage of ROI occupied by IBA1-positive area (n = 3). Representative image of GFAP staining in mammillary bodies of the young group (c) and old group(d). *p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison. Fig. S5 Vimentin-positive tanycytes distribute from zone 1 to zone 4 in the young group. Pattern of tight junction protein ZO-1 (red) is honeycombed in bottom 3V of the young group

补充文件1：图S1 老年AD雄性（Old-AD-Male）与老年AD雌性（Old-AD-Female）亚组中淀粉样斑块的代表性共聚焦显微镜图像。于穹窿（A）、乳头体（B）中可观察到6E10阳性与Aβ1–42阳性淀粉样斑块，但视交叉上核内未检出此类斑块。比例尺：50 μm。
图S2 青年组下丘脑亚区的淀粉样斑块分析。青年AD雄性（Young-AD-Male）与青年AD雌性（Young-AD-Female）亚组下丘脑视前区、前部（A）、结节区以及乳头体区（B）的6E10与Aβ1–42双染色代表性图像。
图S3 各下丘脑核团神经元与神经炎症相关因子。A 青年组HuCD免疫荧光图像，比例尺：200 μm；各核团HuCD阳性神经元数量的定量分析。B、C 评估青年组肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tnf-a）与IκB激酶β（Ikbkβ）的mRNA表达水平。D 青年组HuCD免疫荧光图像，比例尺：200 μm；各核团HuCD阳性神经元数量的定量分析。E、F 评估青年组肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tnf-a）与IκB激酶β（Ikbkβ）的mRNA表达水平。
图S4 各下丘脑核团的离子钙结合衔接分子1（IBA1）与胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）染色。A 青年组乳头体IBA1染色代表性图像。B IBA1阳性区域占感兴趣区域（Region of Interest, ROI）的百分比（n=3）。青年组（c）与老年组（d）乳头体GFAP染色代表性图像。*p < 0.05，采用双因素方差分析（two-way ANOVA）后行Bonferroni多重比较检验。
图S5 青年组波形蛋白（Vimentin）阳性室管膜细胞（tanycytes）分布于1区至4区。青年组第三脑室底部的紧密连接蛋白ZO-1呈现蜂窝状分布模式。