Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Adolescents

Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic, multifactorial and insidious disease that can begin in childhood and adolescence, and whose major consequences appear during adulthood. Serum levels of lipoproteins, such as LDL-c, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, and non-HDL-c can be used as a screening method for disease diagnosis. In Brazil, few studies have correlated the serum levels of those lipoproteins with age. Objective: To evaluate the serum concentrations of TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c, non-HDL-c and triglycerides (TG) of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the municipality of Araucária, Paraná state. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study, collecting the following data from 600 adolescents: age, sex and serum levels of TC, LDL-c, HDL-c and TG from June to December 2016. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software 2.0, with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman coefficient of correlation to identify statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: The female sex showed higher serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-c than the male sex. The HDL-c levels were identical in both sexes, with 48% of desirable values and 52% of low values. This study identified a strong correlation between the lipids and association with the age group of 10 to 14 years. Conclusion: Non-HDL-c showed stronger correlation with the other lipids (TG, LDL-c and TC) as compared to LDL-c, suggesting that non-HDL-c can be used as an effective complementary diagnostic method to assess the risks for atherosclerosis in adolescents.

摘要 背景：动脉粥样硬化（Atherosclerosis）是一种慢性、多因素且隐匿的疾病，可始于儿童期与青少年时期，其主要不良后果于成年期显现。血清脂蛋白水平，如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）以及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-c），可作为疾病诊断的筛查手段。在巴西，鲜有研究将此类脂蛋白的血清水平与年龄相关联。
目的：评估巴拉那州阿拉里基亚市（Araucária）10至19岁青少年的总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-c）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-c）与甘油三酯（TG）的血清浓度。
方法：本研究为横断面回顾性研究，于2016年6月至12月间收集600名青少年的如下数据：年龄、性别，以及总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）与甘油三酯（TG）的血清水平。采用SPSS 2.0软件开展数据分析，通过曼-惠特尼U检验（Mann-Whitney U test）与斯皮尔曼相关系数（Spearman correlation coefficient）检验统计学显著性（p < 0.05）。
结果：女性受试者的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）血清水平均高于男性。两性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）水平一致，其中48%处于理想水平，52%处于偏低水平。本研究发现，脂质水平与10至14岁年龄组存在较强相关性。
结论：相较于低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c），非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-c）与其余脂质（甘油三酯TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-c及总胆固醇TC）的相关性更强，提示非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇可作为有效的辅助诊断手段，用于评估青少年动脉粥样硬化的患病风险。