Multicomponent Approach for Stable Methylammonium-Free Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells

Mixed tin–lead perovskites suffer from several degradation pathways that hinder their effective implementation in tandem photovoltaic technologies. The main challenge involves removing the thermally unstable methylammonium cation from the perovskite composition and simultaneously increasing the oxidation resistance of the tin-based material. This study employs a multicomponent approach to address these issues, developing methylammonium-free tin–lead perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency and stability. The incorporation of cations that tune precursor solution properties enhances the quality of MA-free perovskite films, while reducing agents and surface engineering techniques enhance robustness and carrier dynamics. Consequently, the methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells achieve over 22% efficiency and demonstrate significantly enhanced stability, with minimal losses after over 700 h of continuous operation under 1 sun illumination. This work evidences the potential of comprehensive strategies to process fragile materials, such as tin-containing perovskites, with improved quality and brings them closer to successful broad applications.

混合锡铅钙钛矿（mixed tin–lead perovskites）存在多种降解途径，严重阻碍其在叠层光伏技术（tandem photovoltaic technologies）中的有效应用。其核心挑战在于，需从钙钛矿组分中脱除热不稳定的甲胺阳离子（methylammonium cation），同时提升锡基材料（tin-based material）的抗氧化性能。本研究采用多组分策略应对上述问题，开发出效率与稳定性均得到显著提升的无甲胺锡铅钙钛矿太阳能电池。通过引入可调控前驱体溶液（precursor solution）性质的阳离子，可优化无甲胺钙钛矿薄膜的成膜质量；而还原剂（reducing agents）与表面工程（surface engineering）技术则可增强器件的稳定性与载流子动力学（carrier dynamics）特性。最终，该无甲胺锡铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率突破22%，稳定性得到显著提升；在1 sun辐照（1 sun illumination）下连续运行超过700小时后，性能仅出现极小衰减。本研究证实了采用综合策略制备高质量脆性材料（如含锡钙钛矿）的可行性，进一步推动其向大规模商业化应用迈进。