THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN

Vitamin D is a crucial fat-soluble micronutrient that plays a significant role in the regulation of bone metabolism, muscle function, and immune system activity, particularly in children. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the broader biological effects of vitamin D beyond skeletal health. This study aims to analyze the impact of vitamin D on morphofunctional development and immune function in pediatric populations[1]. Vitamin D deficiency remains a widespread global health issue affecting both developed and developing countries. Insufficient levels during childhood are associated with impaired growth, skeletal deformities, reduced bone mineralization, and increased susceptibility to infections. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D is involved in immune modulation and may reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions. The metabolism of vitamin D involves its synthesis in the skin under ultraviolet B radiation, followed by activation in the liver and kidneys. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is considered the main indicator of vitamin D status[2]. Epidemiological data indicate a high prevalence of deficiency among children and adolescents, particularly in regions with limited sun exposure or inadequate dietary intake[3].