1970 British Cohort Study: Age 5, Sweep 2 1975

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><p>The <span style="font-style:italic">1970 British Cohort Study</span> (BCS70) is a longitudinal birth cohort study, following a nationally representative sample of over 17,000 people born in England, Scotland and Wales in a single week of 1970. Cohort members have been surveyed throughout their childhood and adult lives, mapping their individual trajectories and creating a unique resource for researchers. It is one of very few longitudinal studies following people of this generation anywhere in the world.<br><br>Since 1970, cohort members have been surveyed at ages 5, 10, 16, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, and 51. Featuring a range of objective measures and rich self-reported data, BCS70 covers an incredible amount of ground and can be used in research on many topics. Evidence from BCS70 has illuminated important issues for our society across five decades. Key findings include how reading for pleasure matters for children's cognitive development, why grammar schools have not reduced social inequalities, and how childhood experiences can impact on mental health in mid-life. Every day researchers from across the scientific community are using this important study to make new connections and discoveries.<br><br>BCS70 is run by the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/1970-british-cohort-study/" target="_blank">Centre for Longitudinal Studies</a> (CLS), a research centre in the UCL Institute of Education, which is part of University College London. The content of BCS70 studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the <a href="https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.bcs70/75fe4705-0c94-4f75-b1e6-ad9c61ffde26">CLOSER Discovery</a> website.<br><br><em>How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:</em><br>For information on how to access biomedical data from BCS70 that are not held at the UKDS, see the&nbsp;<a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/data-access-training/genetic-data-and-biological-samples/" target="_blank">CLS Genetic data and biological samples</a>&nbsp;webpage.<br><br><span style="font-style:italic">Secure Access datasets<br></span>Secure Access versions of BCS70 have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence (EUL). <br></p><br><span style="font-style: italic;">1970 British Cohort Study: Age 5, Sweep 2 1975</span><br>
The aim of the 5-year follow-up was to review and evaluate pre-school health, care and education services throughout Britain, as experienced by the BCS70 cohort of children.<br>
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For the fifth edition (June 2016) a small number of primary identifiers (BCSID) have been changed to realign them to previous sweeps of data. See the documentation for full details of the work done.<br>
<br><br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><br>Three instruments were used to collect data:<br>
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The Maternal Self-completion Questionnaire contained questions on the behaviour of the child at home and maternal depression. There were 43 variables designed to elicit attitudes towards child rearing, maternal employment, television viewing and hospital visiting.<br>
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The Home Interview Questionnaire was administered by health visitors who carried out the interviews in the children's own homes. Usually the interviewee was the mother.<br>
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The Test Booklet was adminstered by the health visitor during her visit to the child at home.<br>
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A Developmental History Schedule was designed to obtain information from child health records, but the number of missing records make these data of limited use and they are not deposited in the UK Data Archive.<br>
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<i>Measurement Scales:</i><br>
Rutter A Scale of behavioural deviance and the Malaise Inventory (Rutter, M. et al, 1970). The Likert Scale was used to describe attitudes towards the role of women in society and various child- rearing issues.<br>

<P>本摘要版权归英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service）及数据采集版权所有者所有。</P><p>《1970年英国队列研究》（1970 British Cohort Study, BCS70）是一项纵向出生队列研究，追踪了1970年某一周内在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士出生的17000余名具有全国代表性的样本。研究对象在童年及成年时期均接受了追踪调查，绘制了他们的个体发展轨迹，为研究者提供了独一无二的研究资源，是全球范围内极少数针对该世代人群的纵向研究之一。<br><br>自1970年以来，研究对象分别在5、10、16、26、30、34、38、42、46及51岁时接受了调查。BCS70包含大量客观测量指标与丰富的自报数据，覆盖研究主题极为广泛，可用于诸多领域的研究。五十余年来，BCS70的研究成果阐明了诸多关乎社会发展的重要议题，核心发现包括：阅读乐趣对儿童认知发展的重要性、文法学校为何未能缩小社会不平等、童年经历如何影响中年心理健康等。全球科研领域的研究者每日都在利用这项重要研究开展新的关联分析与科学发现。<br><br>BCS70由伦敦大学学院教育学院纵向研究中心（Centre for Longitudinal Studies, CLS）运营，该中心隶属于伦敦大学学院。BCS70的研究内容，包括问卷问题、研究主题与变量，可通过CLOSER Discovery网站进行查询。<br><br><em>如何获取多项纵向调查的基因及/或生物医学样本数据：</em><br>如需了解如何获取BCS70中未由英国数据服务中心（UKDS）存档的生物医学数据，请访问<a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/data-access-training/genetic-data-and-biological-samples/" target="_blank">CLS基因数据与生物样本</a>网页。<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">安全访问数据集<br></span>BCS70的安全访问版本相较于标准最终用户许可协议（End User Licence, EUL）下的版本，访问限制更为严格。<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">1970年英国队列研究：5岁，1975年第二波调查</span><br>本次5岁追踪的研究目标为评估并梳理英国全国范围内的学前健康、照护与教育服务现状，即BCS70队列儿童的实际体验。<br><br>2016年6月发布的第五版数据中，少量主要识别码（BCSID）已进行调整，以与此前各波数据保持对齐。相关修订的完整细节请参阅文档说明。<br><br><B>核心研究主题</B>:<BR><br>本次调查采用三类工具采集数据：<br><br>《母亲自填问卷》涵盖了儿童在家行为与母亲抑郁状况相关问题，共包含43个变量，用于收集受访者对育儿、母亲就业、电视收看与医院探视等议题的态度。<br><br>《家庭访谈问卷》由保健访视员在儿童家中开展访谈，通常访谈对象为儿童母亲。<br><br>《测试手册》由保健访视员在家庭访视期间向儿童施测。<br><br>《发育史调查表》旨在从儿童健康档案中获取相关信息，但由于大量记录缺失，该部分数据可用性有限，未存入英国数据档案馆（UK Data Archive）。<br><br><i>测量量表：</i><br>采用鲁特行为偏差量表（Rutter A Scale of behavioural deviance）与不适量表（Malaise Inventory，Rutter, M. et al, 1970）；并采用李克特量表（Likert Scale）测量受访者对女性社会角色及各类育儿议题的态度。