The Iranian-Soviet Agreements and Treaties in the Proceedings of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly

Iranian-Soviet relations have experienced significant historical turning points, beginning in the 19th century. The relationship was marked by considerable complexity and tension across political, economic, and social fields, including during the Constitutional Movement (1905-1911) when Tsarist Russia opposed constitutional trends and individual freedoms, and later during the reigns of Reza Shah Pahlavi and his son, Mohammad Reza.
Studying the proceedings of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly regarding agreements and treaties with the Soviet Union provides an opportunity to evaluate Iran's foreign policies during that period. Valuable lessons can be drawn about the importance of maintaining balance in international relations, avoiding entanglement in ideological conflicts, and safeguarding national interests. These proceedings also reveal the significant role of legislative institutions in overseeing the implementation of international agreements.
In our research, we highlighted the overall relations, agreements, and treaties between Iran and the Soviet Union in light of the discussions of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly. The Iranian-Soviet relations between 1939 and 1947 pertain to a sensitive period in history, marked by significant political and military developments.
Significance of the Study: Relations between Iran and the Soviet Union began to develop significantly during World War II. Iran faced pressure from major powers, including Britain and the Soviet Union, leading to its occupation by these two powers in 1941. The period witnessed attempts to enhance economic cooperation, with Iran seeking Soviet support in fields such as oil and agriculture.
After the end of World War II, tensions emerged between Iran and the Soviets due to differences in political interests, especially regarding Azerbaijan. These relations influenced Iran's domestic and foreign policy for subsequent decades, contributing to the formation of the Iranian national identity and strengthening the tendency towards independence against foreign intervention.
Scope and Limits of the Study: This research focuses on the agreements and treaties concluded between Iran and the Soviet Union, as documented in the proceedings of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly. Several agreements were signed between the two nations during this period, as both Tehran and Moscow sought to advance their strategic interests. One of the most notable agreements was the 1941 treaty, which emphasized military and economic cooperation between the two sides.
Sources of the Study: The proceedings of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly were used to examine all agreements and treaties concerning Iranian-Soviet relations.

伊苏关系自19世纪起便历经诸多重大历史转折点。两国关系在政治、经济与社会各领域均呈现出显著的复杂性与紧张态势：1905至1911年的伊朗立宪运动期间，沙皇俄国曾反对立宪思潮与个人自由；后续在礼萨·汗·巴列维（Reza Shah Pahlavi）及其子穆罕默德·礼萨（Mohammad Reza）的统治时期，两国关系亦延续此特征。
通过梳理伊朗国家协商会议（Iranian National Consultative Assembly）中有关伊苏两国协定与条约的议事记录，可得以研判彼时伊朗的外交政策。从中可汲取诸多宝贵经验：诸如维持国际关系平衡、避免陷入意识形态冲突泥潭、维护国家核心利益的重要性。同时，此类议事记录亦揭示了立法机构在监督国际协定执行过程中所发挥的关键作用。
本研究基于伊朗国家协商会议的议事讨论，重点梳理了伊苏两国的整体关系、各类协定与条约。1939年至1947年的伊苏关系处于历史上的敏感阶段，彼时两国关系伴随诸多重大政治与军事变局。
研究意义：伊苏关系在第二次世界大战（World War II）期间迎来显著发展。彼时伊朗面临来自英国与苏联等大国的施压，最终于1941年遭两国联合占领。这一时期双方曾尝试强化经济合作，伊朗亦在石油、农业等领域寻求苏联的支持。
第二次世界大战结束后，伊苏两国因政治利益分歧（尤其是在阿塞拜疆问题上）再度产生紧张态势。此类双边关系在此后数十年间深刻影响了伊朗的内政与外交政策，推动了伊朗国民身份认同的塑造，并强化了其反抗外来干预、谋求独立自主的倾向。
研究范围与局限：本研究聚焦于伊朗国家协商会议议事记录中所载的伊苏两国缔结的各类协定与条约。此时期两国为推进各自战略利益，先后签署了多项协定，其中最为引人注目的当属1941年签署的、强调双方军事与经济合作的条约。
研究资料来源：本研究以伊朗国家协商会议的议事记录为核心资料，用以梳理所有涉及伊苏关系的协定与条约。