aos (a1)

The aerosol observing system (AOS) is the primary platform for in situ aerosol measurements at Earth’s surface. Each AOS has a different complement of instruments, which are selected to ensure the best measurements at each deployment site. The AOS measures aerosol optical properties to better understand how particles interact with solar radiation and influence the Earth's radiation balance. These measurements are useful for calculating parameters used in radiative forcing calculations, such as the aerosol single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, mass scattering efficiency, and hygroscopic growth. Measurements made with the AOS form a long-term record at the ARM fixed sites. Shorter measurement records are available from mobile deployments in a wide variety of geographical regions. These measurements are valuable for: identifying long-term changes in aerosol properties identifying atmospheric processes controlling aerosol life cycle and their influence on clouds providing experimental data for developing and testing atmospheric climate models.

气溶胶观测系统（Aerosol Observing System，AOS）是开展地球地表原位气溶胶测量的核心平台。每套AOS搭载的仪器配置各不相同，仪器选型需确保在每个部署站点均可获得最优测量结果。AOS可测量气溶胶光学特性，以深入解析气溶胶粒子与太阳辐射的相互作用及其对地球辐射平衡的影响。此类测量可用于计算辐射强迫所需的各类参数，例如气溶胶单次散射反照率、不对称参数、质量散射效率以及吸湿增长特性。通过AOS获取的观测数据在大气辐射测量（Atmospheric Radiation Measurement，ARM）固定站点形成了长期观测序列，而在多种地理区域开展的移动部署项目则可获得短期观测记录。此类测量具有极高的应用价值，可用于：识别气溶胶特性的长期变化趋势；解析调控气溶胶生命周期及其对云系影响的大气过程；以及为大气气候模型的开发与验证提供实验数据。