Leopard and Weddell seal program 1999/2002

2000/2001 season 31 quad based surveys were conducted along the pack-ice edge to identify where leopard seals could be accessed. 31 one hour aerial surveys were also conducted to identify the position and number of seals in the region. 36 boat based surveys were conducted to identify the size and sex of leopard seals, whether they were a resight and the possibility of sedating seals. There were a total of 23 leopard seal captures. Resights from the 1999/2000 season were made of 5 known seals. Samples were collected from a total of 19 known and 20 unknown leopards seals. Samples were also collected from 14 known weddell seals. All blood, fur, whisker, scat, and morphmetric measurements were collected. Three satellite tracking units were deployed following the moult on adult leopard seals, and one crittercam unit. 14 blood samples were taken from leopard seals, 13 blood samples from weddell seals. 6 blubber samples from leopard seals, 17 fur samples from leopard seals and 7 whiskers from leopard seals and 2 from weddell seals 32 scats from leopard seals, 50 urine and 30 scat samples from weddell seals. Voucher samples for stable isotope analysis from 2 weddell seals, 26 penguins and 64 fish were collected. Spatial movements and haul out data from 11 leopard seals has been analysed. The blood, skin muscle, whisker, fat and fur has been prepared for later analysis. 42 separate scats have been analysed to determine diet composition. The captive feeding trials have been performed using two captive leopard seals. For each seal the following tests have been conducted, biochemical analysis of fresh serum, manual packed cell volme and white cell counts and differential white cell counts from blood smears and all haematological analysis. The refinement of the anaesthetic protocol of Zolazepam/ Tiletamine in leopard seals has been continued and this combination appears to provide a deeper and more reliable level of immobilisation compared with other anaesthetic combinations to date. 2001/2002 season In the Prydz Bay area, 28 one-hour aerial surveys were conducted by Squirrel helicopter, 23 quad based surveys and 12 boat based surveys were conducted between latitudes 68 degrees 20'S and 68 degrees 40'S along the fast ice edge to identify the position and number of leopard seals in the region. 110 leopard seals were sighted overall and of those 5 were positively identified as resight animals, tagged during previous seasons. Five leopard seal capture procedures were performed and postmortem samples, blood fur, blubber, skin, whiskers, scats, urine and morphometric measurements were collected from two leopard seals. 6 urine and 15 scat samples collected from known and unknown leopard seals and 7 fur samples including 2 from resight animals tagged during the previous two seasons. Three Weddell seal capture procedures were performed and blood samples were collected from each seal. 125 weddell seal urine and 112 weddell seal scat samples were also collected. For stable isotope and signature fatty acid analysis, the following samples were collected as voucher samples; 1 weddell seal muscle sample, 3 adelie penguin muscle samples, 1 elephant seal whisker, muscle and skin sample, 73 Antarctic cod muscle samples, 23 ice fish and 20 krill. Foraging Information Scats collected from 20 seals and will be analysed for diet information. Stable isotope analysis involved fur, blood and whiskers collected from 35 animals. A key to the stable isotopes is provided in the download file. Fatty acid analysis involved collection of blubber from 35 animals. The fields in this dataset are: Spatial Data Seal Id: adult female Ptt tag number Date: date data collected Time: time data collected Location Class: ARGOS location classes 3 (0-150m), 2 (150-350m) and 1 (350-1000m). South: latitude decimal degrees East: longitude decimal degrees Amphipods ID = ID of seal from which scat sample collected Length = length of amphipod Wt = weight of amphipod Species = species of amphipod broken specimens = not whole specimens. Otolith data; No = number collected Species = species of fish identified from otolith Length/breadth/width = measurements of otolith in mm Eqn = calculation used to determine Standard length of fish from otolith size Mass = mass calculation of fish from otolith measurements Age and Length classes = size of mass of fish classified into groups Fatty acids Ret Time = retention time of individual fatty acid Area counts = TBA Area % = TBA LS Scat ID refers to the Identification number we gave to each seal. U refers to a unknown seal Date = date sample collected Sex = sex of seal Age = juvenile, sub adult or adult Seal = seal fur found in scat penguin = penguin remains found in scat and so on for each other column including fish, otolith, krill rocks, amphipod and seaweed. St weight refers to stomach weight. Quality: 2018-08-28 - Original datasheets were reformatted to fit OBIS/GBIF/IPT Biodiversity.AQ standard. The new datasheet "leopardweddellseals.csv" contains information from original datasheets and complemented with information from the literature associated to the project. Also it provides the dataset ID, occurrenceID, footprintWKT, eventDate, water body, maximumDephInMeters, sampling protocol, preparations, occurrencestatus, basisOfRecord, and otherCatalogNumbers. Taxonomical organization to the lowest taxonomical rank that could be determined, after matched in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).

### 2000/2001季
研究团队沿浮冰边缘开展了31次样方基调查（quad based surveys），以确定可接触豹形海豹（Leopard seal）的区域。同期还完成了31次时长1小时的航空调查，以明确该区域内海豹的分布位置与种群数量。另开展36次乘船调查，用于记录豹形海豹的体型、性别，确认是否为已标记个体的重识别（resight），以及对海豹实施镇静的可行性。本季共完成23次豹形海豹捕获操作。此外，对1999/2000季标记的5只已知个体完成了重识别采样。共采集19只已知个体与20只未知个体的豹形海豹样本，同时采集14只已知威德尔海豹（Weddell seal）的样本。所有采集内容涵盖血液、毛发、触须、粪便以及形态学测量数据。在成年豹形海豹换毛期后，部署了3台卫星追踪单元（satellite tracking units）与1台动物摄像机（Crittercam）。血液样本采集情况为：豹形海豹14份、威德尔海豹13份；鲸脂样本方面，豹形海豹6份、威德尔海豹2份；毛发样本中，豹形海豹17份；触须样本中，豹形海豹7份、威德尔海豹2份；豹形海豹粪便样本32份，威德尔海豹粪便样本30份；尿液样本则包含豹形海豹50份。为稳定同位素分析（stable isotope analysis）收集的凭证样本包括2只威德尔海豹的组织、26只企鹅与64条鱼类样本。对11只豹形海豹的空间移动与上岸数据开展了分析。血液、皮肤肌肉、触须、脂肪与毛发样本已完成预处理，以待后续分析。共对42份独立粪便样本开展分析，以确定豹形海豹的饮食组成。使用2只圈养豹形海豹完成了圈养饲喂试验。针对每只海豹开展了以下检测：新鲜血清生化分析、手工血细胞比容与白细胞计数、血涂片白细胞分类计数，以及全套血液学分析（haematological analysis）。对豹形海豹使用的唑拉西泮/替来他明（Zolazepam/ Tiletamine）麻醉方案进行了优化，相较于目前已使用的其他麻醉组合，该方案可实现更深沉且更稳定的麻醉制动效果。

### 2001/2002季
在普里兹湾（Prydz Bay）区域，研究团队使用松鼠直升机开展了28次时长1小时的航空调查；沿固定冰边缘（fast ice edge）在南纬68°20′至68°40′区间内完成23次样方调查与12次乘船调查，以明确该区域豹形海豹的分布位置与种群数量。本季共观测到110只豹形海豹，其中5只为此前季标记的已知个体，经确认属于重识别个体。共开展5次豹形海豹捕获操作，其中2只个体采集了死后样本、血液、毛发、鲸脂、皮肤、触须、粪便、尿液以及形态学测量数据。从已知与未知豹形海豹个体中采集了6份尿液样本与15份粪便样本，以及7份毛发样本，其中2份来自前两季标记的重识别个体。开展3次威德尔海豹捕获操作，为每只个体采集血液样本。另收集125份威德尔海豹尿液样本与112份威德尔海豹粪便样本。为稳定同位素与特征脂肪酸分析收集的凭证样本包括：1份威德尔海豹肌肉样本、3份阿德利企鹅（Adélie penguin）肌肉样本、1份象海豹的触须、肌肉与皮肤样本、73份南极鳕鱼（Antarctic cod）肌肉样本、23份冰鱼样本以及20份磷虾（krill）样本。

### 觅食相关数据
从20只海豹个体收集的粪便样本将用于饮食组成分析。稳定同位素分析使用了35只个体的毛发、血液与触须样本，稳定同位素解析说明文件可在下载包中获取。脂肪酸分析则采集了35只个体的鲸脂样本。

### 数据集字段说明
1. 空间数据：
- 海豹编号（Seal Id）：成年雌性的Ptt标签编号
- 日期（Date）：数据采集日期
- 时间（Time）：数据采集时间
- 定位等级（Location Class）：ARGOS定位等级，分为3级（0-150m）、2级（150-350m）与1级（350-1000m）
- 南纬（South）：十进制纬度坐标
- 东经（East）：十进制经度坐标
2. 端足类（Amphipods）数据：
- 编号（ID）：提供粪便样本的海豹个体编号
- 体长（Length）：端足类体长
- 体重（Wt）：端足类体重
- 物种（Species）：端足类物种名称
- 破损标本（broken specimens）：非完整标本
3. 耳石（Otolith）数据：
- 数量（No）：采集的耳石数量
- 物种（Species）：通过耳石鉴定的鱼类物种
- 长宽高（Length/breadth/width）：耳石的毫米级测量值
- 计算公式（Eqn）：用于通过耳石尺寸推算鱼类标准体长的计算式
- 体重（Mass）：通过耳石测量值推算的鱼类体重
- 年龄与体长组（Age and Length classes）：按组别划分的鱼类体型/体重等级
4. 脂肪酸（Fatty acids）数据：
- 保留时间（Ret Time）：单个脂肪酸的色谱保留时间
- 面积计数（Area counts）：待补充（TBA）
- 面积百分比（Area %）：待补充（TBA）
5. 其他字段：
- LS粪便编号（LS Scat ID）：为每只海豹分配的识别编号
- 未知个体（U）：标记未知海豹个体
- 采样日期（Date）：样本采集日期
- 性别（Sex）：海豹性别
- 年龄（Age）：幼年、亚成年或成年
- 海豹毛发（Seal）：粪便中检出的海豹毛发残留
- 企鹅（penguin）：粪便中检出的企鹅遗骸
- 其余列依次包括鱼类、耳石、磷虾、碎石、端足类与海藻相关数据
- 胃重（St weight）：指胃部重量

### 数据质量说明
2018年8月28日，原始数据表已完成格式化调整，以符合OBIS（海洋生物地理信息系统）、GBIF（全球生物多样性信息设施）与IPT（集成发布工具包）的Biodiversity.AQ标准。新数据表"leopardweddellseals.csv"整合了原始数据表的信息，并补充了项目关联文献中的相关数据。该数据表同时包含数据集ID、发生记录ID（occurrenceID）、空间坐标WKT格式（footprintWKT）、事件日期（eventDate）、水体类型、最大采样水深（maximumDephInMeters）、采样方案、样本预处理方式、发生记录状态（occurrencestatus）、记录基础类型（basisOfRecord）以及其他目录编号（otherCatalogNumbers）等字段。所有分类学信息均已匹配至世界海洋物种登记册（WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species），并整理至可确定的最低分类阶元。