Supplementary Material for: The Association of Sleep Habits and Advancing Age in Japanese Older Adults: Results from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The association of sleep habits with “advancing age among older adults” is not fully understood. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The purpose of the present study was to examine the association of sleep habits with advancing age among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 18,005 older people (mean age: 73.2 ± 6.0 years; 8,070 men and 9,935 women) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes were analyzed. Participants were asked in face-to-face interviews about the times they usually go to bed, fall asleep, wake-up, and get up. The amount of time spent in bed and self-reported sleep duration were then calculated from the differences between these times. As other parameters, the subjects were also asked about sleep latency, time spent in bed after waking up, number of nocturnal awakenings, and duration of napping in a typical day. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results of the Jonckheere-Terpstra test showed that all sleep parameters shifted to an earlier time (going to bed, falling asleep, waking up, and getting out of bed), longer duration (sleep duration, time spent in bed, sleep latency, time spent in bed after waking up, and napping), or more nocturnal awakenings with advancing age (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Among the men, the time of waking up was not significantly associated with age, while among the women, the time of getting up was not significantly associated with age. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These results from a large cohort show the age-related trends of sleep habits in community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Our results revealed that a longer duration and earlier timing of sleep are associated with advancing age.

<b><i>研究背景:</i></b> 睡眠习惯与老年群体年龄增长之间的关联尚未得到充分阐释。<b><i>研究目的:</i></b> 本研究旨在探讨日本社区居住老年群体的睡眠习惯与年龄增长之间的关联。<b><i>研究方法:</i></b> 本研究共分析了来自日本国立老年医学与老年学研究中心老年综合征研究（National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes）的18005名老年受试者，其平均年龄为73.2±6.0岁，其中男性8070人，女性9935人。研究人员通过面对面访谈，询问了受试者日常就寝、入睡、觉醒及起床的具体时间，随后根据上述时间的差值计算得到卧床总时长与自我报告的睡眠时长。此外，受试者还需回答日常睡眠潜伏期、醒后卧床时长、夜间觉醒次数及日间小睡时长等其他睡眠相关参数。<b><i>研究结果:</i></b> Jonckheere-Terpstra检验结果显示，随着年龄增长，所有睡眠参数均呈现出时间提前（就寝、入睡、觉醒及起床时间）、时长增加（睡眠时长、卧床时长、睡眠潜伏期、醒后卧床时长及小睡时长）或夜间觉醒次数增多的趋势（所有p<0.01）。亚组分析表明，男性群体的觉醒时间与年龄无显著关联，而女性群体的起床时间与年龄无显著关联。<b><i>研究结论:</i></b> 这项基于大型队列的研究结果揭示了日本社区居住老年群体睡眠习惯随年龄变化的趋势。本研究结果显示，睡眠时长增加与睡眠时序提前均与老年群体的年龄增长呈显著关联。