Genotypic matrix for studying the cashew population structure and genetic diversity in East-Timor

Our study focuses on the assessment of the genetic diversity of cashew populations cultivated in East-Timor using highly informative molecular markers as microsatellites, which are effective in evaluating intra-specific genetic diversity along the evaluation of the population structuring. To accomplish such objective, eleven cashew orchards from East-Timor were assessed with 16 cashew-specific microsatellites applied to screen in-country genetic diversity. Besides an Indonesian population were included as an outgroup, to assess any East-Timor genetic signature; along with two populations from Mozambique, so it could work as a continental outgroup to detect any gene flow between continental-to-island gene flow.Our work is pioneer as no studies have been conducted in East-Timor using a highly comprehensive sampling scheme (over 11 populations) in an emerging cash crop, as cashew. This is particularly important as East-Timor aims to invest in the cashew nut exports by contending directly with competitive countries, as India and Vietnam in the surrounding region. In fact, evaluation and assessing genetic diversity will allow to detect the presence of any East-Timor genetic signature that will acknowledge the valorization of cashew nuts from the country, and prospect agrobiodiversity hotspots in the country, for future cashew germplasm programs.This data involves the genotype matrix generated under this work and used for performing genetic diversity and population structure analyses.<br>

本研究聚焦于利用高信息量分子标记——微卫星标记（microsatellites）——评估东帝汶栽培腰果种群的遗传多样性，该类标记可有效评估种内遗传多样性并解析种群遗传结构。为达成研究目标，团队针对东帝汶境内的11个腰果种植园，采用16对腰果特异性微卫星标记开展境内遗传多样性筛查。此外，本研究纳入1个印度尼西亚种群作为外类群（outgroup），以检测东帝汶种群是否存在独特遗传特征；同时纳入2个莫桑比克种群作为大陆外类群，用于探究大陆与岛屿间的基因流情况。本研究具有开创性意义：此前尚无针对东帝汶腰果这一新兴经济作物（cash crop）开展的、覆盖超11个种群的系统性抽样研究。鉴于东帝汶计划直接与周边印度、越南等竞争性国家角逐腰果出口市场，本研究的开展尤为关键。实际上，遗传多样性的评估与解析，可帮助识别东帝汶腰果特有的遗传特征，为该国腰果产品的价值提升提供依据，并可探明本国境内的农业生物多样性（agrobiodiversity）热点区域，为未来腰果种质资源（germplasm）研究项目奠定基础。本数据集包含本研究中生成的基因型矩阵，用于开展遗传多样性与种群结构分析。