Data, code and SWAT+ evidence for annual BACI detection and mining-scenario sensitivity in Mandena, Madagascar

This Zenodo record provides the data, code, SWAT+ evidence package, tables, figure files and master documentation associated with the manuscript “Annual before-after-control-impact detection and mining-scenario sensitivity in a coastal sandy basin, southeastern Madagascar (1993-2022)”. The study evaluates annual hydrological trajectories in the Mandena sector of the Taolagnaro coastal basin, southeastern Madagascar, using SWAT+ simulations for 1993-2022, a mining-versus-reference before-after-control-impact (BACI) design centred on 2008, and a low/mid/high mining-scenario chain. The deposited files allow inspection of the numerical evidence used in the manuscript and provide the source material and scripts required to reproduce the tables and final manuscript figures. The record contains 26 files at the record level: 1 master README file, 9 ZIP archives, 3 standalone PDF figures and 13 standalone Excel workbooks. The root-level README.md file is the authoritative documentation for the record. It describes the record structure, citation guidance, licence and third-party data notes, climate-forcing provenance, software requirements, reconstruction procedure, configuration model, complete execution order, output-to-manuscript mapping, key methodological parameters, reproducibility caveats and complete file manifest. The ZIP archives preserve the original output hierarchy and source package structure, while the PDF and Excel files are also exposed directly for immediate preview, inspection and reuse. Record-level files 1. README.md This file is the master documentation file for the whole Zenodo record. It is deposited at the root of the record and should be read first. It combines the record description, citation guidance, licence and third-party data notes, software requirements, reconstruction instructions, configuration model, full script execution order, output-to-manuscript map, key methodological parameters, reproducibility caveats and complete record-level file manifest. The README also documents the provenance of the SWAT+ climate forcing files. The precipitation forcing file pcp_local.pcp is derived from the publicly accessible Direction Générale de la Météorologie de Madagascar (DGM) Maproom / Madagascar Climate Data Library Rainfall Estimates (RFE) daily rainfall product accessed through the Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP) service. The temperature forcing file tmp_local.tmp is derived from NASA POWER daily minimum and maximum air-temperature products. The DGM Maproom / Madagascar Climate Data Library and NASA POWER are cited as third-party climate-data providers. ZIP archives 2. mandena_01_reproducibility_source_package.zip This archive contains the source reproducibility package. It includes the raw spatial material, the aligned baseline SWAT+ TxtInOut source, custom processing scripts, configuration files and the dedicated figure-generation scripts used to render the final manuscript figures. This package is intended for users who want to inspect or rerun the workflow from the deposited source material. It does not serve as the main archive of generated run outputs. The final manuscript figures were rendered in a separate figure-generation step using three dedicated scripts. These scripts generate Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 from the deposited spatial layers and Excel workbooks. They do not modify the numerical results; they control cartographic rendering, figure layout and journal-ready visual formatting. 3. mandena_02_swat_evidence.zip This archive contains the SWAT+ evidence package. It includes the baseline TxtInOut used as the run reference, the low, mid and high mining-scenario TxtInOut folders derived from that baseline, and the generated SWAT+ outputs used in the analysis. The baseline run is included here because it is the direct reference from which the mining scenarios were built and compared. 4. mandena_03_tables_baci.zip This archive contains the BACI table outputs in their original folder structure. It includes the HRU-zone lookup, annual zone aggregations, pre-period means, BACI counterfactual calculations, post-2008 BACI contrasts and related BACI summaries. 5. mandena_04_tables_final_validation.zip This archive contains final validation and scenario-chain summary tables, including the low/mid/high scenario-chain workbook used for the scenario response analysis and Figure 3. 6. mandena_05_tables_manifests.zip This archive contains manifest and extraction workbooks documenting the SWAT+ extracted files, selected evidence files, climate controls, table inventories and checksum-based traceability of the extracted material. 7. mandena_06_tables_reference_zone.zip This archive contains the reference-zone candidate evaluation files. These files document the spatial selection of the basin-internal BACI reference zone, including candidate area, target-area matching, elevation diagnostics, compactness and scoring. 8. mandena_07_tables_source_data.zip This archive contains the consolidated source-data workbook used to support manuscript tables and figures. It provides tabular data for the BACI counterfactual calculations, summaries by variable, scenario-chain values and scenario-chain summaries. 9. mandena_08_tables_validation.zip This archive contains validation and diagnostic outputs used to check the SWAT+ baseline and scenario chain before interpretation. It includes baseline percolation diagnostics, low/mid/high non-wetland scenario validation, mid-scenario 158-HRU checks, water-balance residual summaries, HRU lists, period summaries and detailed comparison tables. 10. mandena_09_tables_worldcover.zip This archive contains the ESA WorldCover-based characterization of the Mandena mining footprint. It documents land-cover classes and grouped land-cover categories within the study footprint. Standalone PDF figures 11. figure1_study_area.pdf Final manuscript Figure 1. This map shows the Taolagnaro catchment, SWAT+ river network, Mandena mining footprint, BACI reference zone, AW3D30 hillshade background, UTM grid and Madagascar inset. 12. figure2_baci_contrasts.pdf Final manuscript Figure 2. This figure shows annual post-2008 BACI contrasts for the main water-balance components from 2008 to 2022, with values expressed as mining-minus-reference double differences after removal of the zone-specific pre-2008 baseline. 13. figure3_scenario_response.pdf Final manuscript Figure 3. This figure shows the low, mid and high scenario-minus-baseline responses of mining HRUs over 2008-2022, separated between non-wetland mining HRUs and wetland mining HRUs. Standalone Excel workbooks The following Excel workbooks are provided as standalone files at the record level for direct inspection, visibility and reuse. The same workbooks are also preserved inside their corresponding ZIP archives in the original machine-generated folder structure. This intentional duplication allows both direct access to consolidated multi-sheet results and preservation of the complete output hierarchy. 14. baci_lookup.xlsx HRU-to-zone lookup table used for the BACI aggregation. It links SWAT+ HRUs to the mining and reference zones and reports HRU area, intersection area and area fraction. 15. baci_post_sensitivity.xlsx Post-period BACI sensitivity workbook. It contains the BACI counterfactual table, the full post-2008 window, the post-2008 window without 2011, the window without the WGN-infilled years 2021-2022, the combined exclusion window, and the summary by hydrological variable. 16. baci_results.xlsx Main BACI results workbook. It contains the HRU-zone lookup, annual zone-level aggregations, pre-period means, annual BACI counterfactual calculations and a wide-format BACI counterfactual table. 17. swat_hru_monthly.xlsx HRU-scale SWAT+ water-balance workbook. It contains metadata, monthly source information, annual HRU water-balance values and annual zone-level aggregations. 18. mandena_full2_scenario_chain_low_mid_high.xlsx Main low/mid/high scenario-chain workbook. It contains the long-format scenario-chain table, period summaries, blocking controls and scenario HRU lists used to compare scenario outputs with the baseline. 19. swat_full_extraction.xlsx Full SWAT+ extraction workbook. It contains the inventory of extracted SWAT+ files, climate controls, evidence-copy log, table overview and extracted annual and monthly SWAT+ output tables, including HRU, basin, aquifer, wetland, routing-unit and hydrological output tables. 20. swat_stats.xlsx SWAT+ extraction statistics workbook. It summarizes file inventory, climate controls and row/column counts for the extracted SWAT+ tables. 21. reference_candidates.xlsx Reference-zone candidate workbook. It lists candidate reference zones and their area, target-area error, elevation diagnostics, compactness and final score used to select the BACI reference zone. 22. sr_tables_figures_source_data.xlsx Consolidated manuscript source-data workbook. It contains source data for BACI counterfactual calculations, BACI summaries by variable, the scenario chain and scenario-chain summaries used to support the manuscript tables and figures. 23. mandena_baseline_perc_zero_check.xlsx Baseline percolation diagnostic workbook. It checks the selected 158 mining HRUs, the 144 non-wetland HRUs and the 14 wetland HRUs, and documents baseline and scenario percolation behaviour by year. 24. mandena_full2_low_mid_high_nonwetw_validation.xlsx Low/mid/high non-wetland scenario validation workbook. It contains water-balance summaries, focus effects, post-2008 ranges, all scenario effects, HRU class information and detailed non-wetland comparison tables. 25. mandena_full2_mid_158hru_validation.xlsx Mid-scenario 158-HRU validation workbook. It contains the selected HRU list, water-balance residuals, yearly means, period summaries, BACI-style 2008 comparisons and focus diagnostics for the mid scenario. 26. mandena_worldcover_mine_anchor.xlsx WorldCover mining-footprint characterization workbook. It reports ESA WorldCover class statistics and grouped land-cover statistics for the Mandena mining footprint. Duplication policy Several Excel workbooks are present both inside their corresponding table archives and as standalone files at the Zenodo record level. This duplication is intentional. The archive copies preserve the original folder hierarchy produced by the workflow, while the standalone copies make the consolidated multi-sheet results directly visible, inspectable and reusable without requiring users to download and unpack the table archives first. Software and reproducibility The custom processing scripts used to construct the BACI design, compute annual double differences, run post-period sensitivity analyses, assemble the low/mid/high scenario chain, generate the tables and render the final manuscript figures are included in the source reproducibility package. The root-level README.md provides the full reproduction guide, including software requirements, environment variables, configuration files, script-by-script execution order and output-to-manuscript mapping. SWAT+ is freely available from the SWAT+ development team; the SWAT+ engine executable used in this study was rev6102. Climate forcing provenance The deposited SWAT+ climate forcing files are included in the record for reproducibility. Precipitation is derived from the publicly accessible DGM Maproom / Madagascar Climate Data Library Rainfall Estimates (RFE) daily rainfall product accessed through the Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP) service. Temperature is derived from NASA POWER daily minimum and maximum air-temperature products. No private station archive or non-public data delivery is redistributed in this record. The DGM Maproom / Madagascar Climate Data Library and NASA POWER are cited as third-party climate-data providers. Scope of the record This record provides a root-level reproducibility README, simulated SWAT+ inputs and outputs, BACI tables, sensitivity analyses, scenario-chain outputs, validation diagnostics, figure source data, final manuscript figures and reproducibility scripts. The results should be interpreted as model-based annual contrasts and scenario responses. The record does not replace the third-party input datasets themselves where these are governed by their original providers, but it documents and packages the derived material used for the manuscript analysis.