Consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages: ELSA-Brasil results

Abstract The study aims to describe the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages according to sociodemographic, health and location variables. Cross-sectional study with ELSA-Brasil data (2008-2010). A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, food, health data and anthropometry. Descriptive analysis and association with variables of interest were carried out. In the sample, 8% of the total caloric value comes from non-alcoholic beverages (5.6%: sugary drinks), and 4% from alcoholic beverages (2.7%: beer). Consumers of unsweetened and artificially sweetened beverages reported moderate/strong physical activity, former smokers and higher education. The opposite was true for sugary drinks. Eutrophic people reported higher consumption of sugary drinks and those obese, artificially sweetened and beer. Alcohol consumption varied with age (young: beer; elderly: wine/spirits) and education (low education: beer/spirits; higher education: wine). Coffee, natural juice and soda were the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages and beer was the most prevalent alcoholic beverage. Consumption variation was observed according to geographic location. The consumption of sugary and alcoholic beverages is high in Brazil and public health strategies are required.

摘要 本研究旨在结合社会人口学、健康状况及地理位置变量，分析酒精与非酒精饮料的消费特征。本研究采用横断面研究设计，使用2008-2010年ELSA-Brasil数据开展研究。研究通过问卷采集社会人口学、膳食摄入、健康状况及人体测量学相关数据，并开展描述性分析与目标变量关联分析。本次研究样本中，总热量摄入的8%来自非酒精饮料（其中5.6%为含糖饮料），4%来自酒精饮料（其中2.7%为啤酒）。饮用无糖及人工甜味剂饮料的人群，多报告有中等至高强度体力活动、为既往吸烟者且受教育程度较高；而含糖饮料消费者则呈现相反特征。体重正常者的含糖饮料摄入量更高，肥胖人群则更倾向于饮用人工甜味剂饮料及啤酒。酒精饮料消费随年龄与受教育程度呈现显著差异：年轻群体多饮用啤酒，老年群体偏好葡萄酒与烈性酒；低学历人群多选择啤酒与烈性酒，高学历人群则更青睐葡萄酒。咖啡、天然果汁及苏打水为最常饮用的非酒精饮料，啤酒则是最普及的酒精饮料。饮料消费还存在明显的地域差异。当前巴西国内含糖与酒精饮料的消费比例偏高，亟需制定针对性公共卫生干预策略。