Interaction between anthropogenic stressors affects antipredator defence in an intertidal crustacean

The marine environment is increasingly subject to changes driven by anthropogenic stressors which may alter species’ key behaviours and impact phenotypic plasticity. Such stressors rarely occur in isolation, yet our understanding of how simultaneous stresses affect marine organisms is limited. Here we study the combined impacts of a major global stressor, temperature increase, and a local stressor, anthropogenic noise, upon key defensive traits of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. We tested the colour change and behavioural responses of crabs in relatively colder and warmer water, and in the presence of natural ambient or ship noise. Using image analysis and a model of predator vision, we demonstrate that crabs change colour, and improve camouflage, fastest in warmer water in the absence of anthropogenic noise. When anthropogenic noise was present it adversely impacted crab colour change and camouflage, to the extent that the accelerated change due to temperature was negated. Additionall..., Juvenile Carcinus maenas were exposed to a combination of anthropogenic noise and raised temperatures in a laboratory environment. Impacts of this stressor combination on crab luminance change and background matching ability were measured through image analysis with respect to an avian predator vision model. Crabs were also montored in behavioural trials for their likelihood and time taken to react to a simulated predatory attack under stressor combinations., , # Interaction between anthropogenic stressors affects antipredator defence in an intertidal crustacean

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fzt](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fzt)

## Description of the data and file structure

Juvenile *Carcinus maenas* were exposed to a combination of anthropogenic noise and raised temperatures in a laboratory environment. Impacts of this stressor combination on crab luminance change and background matching ability were measured through image analysis with respect to an avian predator vision model. Crabs were also monitored in behavioural trials for their likelihood and time taken to react to a simulated predatory attack under stressor combinations.

### Files and variables

#### File: carcinus.maenas.luminance.csv

**Description:** 

##### Variables

* crab.id: each crabs individual identifier during the study
* temperature: temperature experienced by crabs; a \"hot\" temperature treatment of 24 degrees Celsius and a \"cold, a temperature treatme...,

海洋环境正日益受到人为胁迫因子驱动的变化影响，此类胁迫可能改变物种的关键行为，并影响其表型可塑性（phenotypic plasticity）。这类胁迫因子极少单独出现，但目前学界对多重胁迫同时作用下如何影响海洋生物的认知仍较为有限。本研究聚焦于全球主要胁迫因子——升温，与本地胁迫因子——人为噪声，对欧洲绿蟹（Carcinus maenas）关键防御性状的联合影响。我们在相对冷、暖两种水温条件下，以及存在自然背景噪声或船舶噪声的声学环境中，测试了螃蟹的体色变化与行为响应。通过图像分析与捕食者视觉模型，本研究证实：在无人为噪声的暖水环境中，螃蟹的体色变化与伪装优化速度最快；当存在人为噪声时，会对螃蟹的体色变化和伪装能力产生负面影响，甚至抵消了升温带来的变化加速效应。此外，本研究在实验室环境中将幼年欧洲绿蟹暴露于人为噪声与升温的联合胁迫中，通过基于鸟类捕食者视觉模型（avian predator vision model）的图像分析，测量了该胁迫组合对螃蟹亮度变化与背景匹配能力的影响；同时通过行为试验，监测了螃蟹在不同胁迫组合下对模拟捕食攻击的反应概率与反应耗时。

# 人为胁迫因子的交互作用影响潮间带甲壳动物的反捕食防御
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3fzt

## 数据与文件结构说明
幼年欧洲绿蟹在实验室环境中接受人为噪声与升温的联合胁迫处理，通过基于鸟类捕食者视觉模型的图像分析手段，评估该胁迫组合对螃蟹亮度变化与背景匹配能力的影响；此外还通过行为试验，监测了螃蟹在不同胁迫组合下对模拟捕食攻击的反应概率与反应耗时。

### 文件与变量
#### 文件：carcinus.maenas.luminance.csv
**描述：**（原文内容未完整展示）
##### 变量
* crab.id：实验过程中每只螃蟹的唯一标识符
* temperature：螃蟹所处的水温处理组，分为24℃的“高温”处理组与“低温”处理组，原文后续内容未完整呈现