臺灣榕屬植物果核形態之研究─澀葉榕與埃及無花果榕亞屬

本研究藉由解剖及掃瞄式電子顯微鏡，觀察臺灣榕屬植物澀葉榕與埃及無花果榕亞屬等2亞屬4節9個分類群之果核形態和表面構造。澀葉榕亞屬與埃及無花果榕亞屬之果核形狀多為橢圓形，長度介於0.7～1.3㎜，果核表面多為粗糙，具龍骨稜，表面雕紋基本型為網目型。依果核形態及表面構造特徵比較，埃及無花果亞屬囊果榕節的果核表面為粗重稜，明顯與新榕節不同；另外，在臺灣產澀葉榕亞屬的比較發現，果核特徵的差異反應在喬木及半附生之生活型，與澀葉榕亞屬下劃分澀葉榕節與古榕節之結果吻合。本研究之結果顯示，果核形態與表面雕紋不僅在種階層差異明顯，在節或亞屬階層大致保有共同特徵，其果核特徵可提供該屬植物系統分類及種子傳播的參考依據。

This study examined the achene morphology and surface structures of nine taxa across four sections within two subgenera of Ficus species native to Taiwan, namely Subgenus Synoecia and Subgenus Sycomorus, using anatomical techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The achenes of both subgenera are predominantly elliptical, with lengths ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 mm. Their surfaces are generally rough, with keeled ridges, and their surface sculpture is primarily reticulate. Based on comparisons of achene morphology and surface features, the achenes of Section Sycocarpus under Subgenus Sycomorus have thick, prominent ridges, which are distinctly different from those of Section Neoficus. Additionally, comparisons of Taiwanese taxa in Subgenus Synoecia revealed that differences in achene traits correspond to the tree and hemiepiphytic life forms, which aligns with the classification of Section Synoecia and Section Palaeotropicae within Subgenus Synoecia. The results of this study demonstrate that achene morphology and surface sculpture not only show significant differences at the species level, but also retain common characteristics at the section or subgenus level. These achene traits can provide valuable reference for the taxonomic classification and seed dispersal studies of Ficus plants.