The habit of drinking and driving in Brazil: National Survey of Health 2013 and 2019

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess factors associated with the habit of drinking and driving and estimating the variations in the prevalence of this behavior in 2013 and 2019, considering information from the two editions of the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS – National Survey of Health). METHODS PNS is a nationwide cross-sectional home-based study. In 2013 and 2019, 60,202 and 85,854 individuals were interviewed, respectively. To assess the association between the indicator “drinking and driving” and the study variables, crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. To compare the prevalence between the studied years, a Pearson’s chi-squared test adjusted by the Rao-Scott correction (which considers the effect of the sampling plan) and converted into an F statistic, tested at a 5% significance level, was used. RESULTS The prevalence of drinking and driving was higher among men in 2013 (27.4%; 95%CI 25.6–29.3%) and 2019 (20.5%; 95%CI 19.4–21.7%) than among women (11.9%; 95%CI 9.9–14.2% and 7.2%; 95%CI 6.7–9.0%, respectively). Inidviduals aged 30 to 39, who lived without a partner, in rural areas, and were motorcycle drivers had significantly higher estimates. Men with higher income had higher prevalence of drinking and driving. From 2013 to 2019, the act of drinking and driving significantly decreased. Regarding traffic accidents, ORs were significant (p < 0.01) in the studied years for both men and women. DISCUSSION Results show the need to continue policies to monitor blood alcohol level and traffic education, with specific actions directed to rural areas and motorcycle drivers.

摘要
研究目的 旨在评估与酒后驾驶（drinking and driving）行为相关的影响因素，并结合两次全国健康调查（Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde，简称PNS，英文全称National Survey of Health）2013年与2019年的数据，估算该行为的流行率变化情况。
方法 本研究采用全国性横断面居家调查设计，即PNS调查。2013年与2019年分别完成了60202名及85854名受访者的访谈。为评估“酒后驾驶（drinking and driving）”指标与研究变量间的关联，本研究采用logistic回归模型估算粗比值比与校正后比值比（Odds Ratio，OR）。为比较两个研究年份的流行率差异，本研究采用经Rao-Scott校正（考虑抽样方案影响）并转换为F统计量的Pearson卡方检验，检验水准设定为5%。
结果 2013年男性酒后驾驶流行率（27.4%；95%置信区间（95%CI）：25.6~29.3%）及2019年男性该流行率（20.5%；95%CI：19.4~21.7%）均高于同期女性（2013年为11.9%；95%CI：9.9~14.2%，2019年为7.2%；95%CI：6.7~9.0%）。年龄处于30~39岁、无伴侣同居、居住于农村地区及摩托车驾驶员群体的酒后驾驶流行率显著更高。收入水平较高的男性群体酒后驾驶流行率也更高。2013年至2019年间，酒后驾驶行为的流行率显著下降。在交通事故相关分析中，两个研究年份的男女受访者对应的比值比均具有统计学意义（p<0.01）。
讨论 本研究结果提示，需持续推行血液酒精浓度检测监管与交通安全教育政策，并针对农村地区及摩托车驾驶员群体制定专项干预措施。