NOAA Unified Forecast System (UFS) Land Data Assimilation (DA) System

The Unified Forecast System (UFS) is a community-based, coupled, comprehensive Earth modeling system. It supports &quot;<a href="https://ufscommunity.org/science/aboutapps/">multiple applications</a>&quot; covering different forecast durations and spatial domains. The Land Data Assimilation (DA) System is an offline version of the Noah Multi-Physics (Noah-MP) land surface model (LSM) used in the UFS Weather Model (WM). Its data assimilation framework uses &quot;[Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration - JEDI] (<a href="https://www.jcsda.org/jcsda-project-jedi)&quot;">https://www.jcsda.org/jcsda-project-jedi)&quot;</a> software. The offline Noah-MP LSM is a stand-alone, uncoupled model used to execute land surface simulations. In this traditional uncoupled mode, near-surface atmospheric forcing data is required as input. Sample forcing and restart data are provided in this data bucket. <br/> <br/> The Noah-MP LSM has evolved through community efforts to pursue and refine a modern-era LSM suitable for use in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational weather and climate prediction models. This collaborative effort continues with participation from entities such as NCAR, NCEP, NASA, and university groups. <br/> <br/> For details regarding the physical parameterizations used in Noah-MP, see &quot;[Niu, et al. (2011)] (<a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2010JD015139)&quot;">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2010JD015139)&quot;</a>. The &quot;[Land DA User’s Guide] (<a href="https://land-da.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)&quot;">https://land-da.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)&quot;</a> provides information on building and running the Land DA System in offline mode. Users can access additional technical support via the &quot;[UFS GitHub Discussions] (<a href="https://github.com/NOAA-EPIC/land-offline_workflow/discussions)&quot;">https://github.com/NOAA-EPIC/land-offline_workflow/discussions)&quot;</a> for the Land DA System. <br/>

统一预报系统（UFS）系基于社区协作的耦合型、全面地球系统模拟体系。该系统支持涵盖不同预报时长与空间域的多种应用。<br/>土地数据同化系统（Land Data Assimilation, DA）是UFS天气预报模型（WM）中使用的Noah多物理（Noah-MP）陆地表面模型（LSM）的离线版本。其数据同化框架采用“[联合数据同化集成努力 - JEDI]（Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration - JEDI）”（https://www.jcsda.org/jcsda-project-jedi）软件。<br/>离线运行的Noah-MP LSM是一个独立、非耦合的模型，用于执行陆地表面模拟。在此传统的非耦合模式中，需作为输入提供近地表大气强迫数据。本数据存储桶中提供了样本强迫和重启数据。<br/>Noah-MP LSM经过社区共同努力，旨在追求并完善适用于国家环境预测中心（NCEP）运营性天气与气候预测模型的现代陆地表面模型。该协作努力得到美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）、NCEP、NASA以及大学团体等的参与。<br/>关于Noah-MP中使用的物理参数化方法的详细信息，请参阅“[刘等（2011）]（https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2010JD015139）”。《[陆地DA用户指南]》（https://land-da.readthedocs.io/en/latest/）提供了关于离线模式构建和运行陆地DA系统的信息。用户可通过“[UFS GitHub讨论]”（https://github.com/NOAA-EPIC/land-offline_workflow/discussions）获取陆地DA系统的额外技术支持。