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Annual Ice Velocity of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2010-2017)

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DataCite Commons2025-04-01 更新2025-04-09 收录
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https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.7280/D11H3X
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We derive surface ice velocity using data from 16 satellite sensors deployed by 6 different space agencies. The list of sensors is given in the Table S1. The SAR data are processed from raw to single look complex using the GAMMA processor (www.gamma-rs.ch). All measurements rely on consecutive images where the ice displacement is estimated from tracking or interferometry (Joughin et al. 1998, Michel and Rignot 1999, Mouginot et al. 2012). Surface ice motion is detected using a speckle tracking algorithm for SAR instruments and feature tracking for Landsat. The cross-correlation program for both SAR and optical images is ampcor from the JPL/Caltech repeat orbit interferometry package (ROI_PAC). We assemble a composite ice velocity mosaic at 150 m posting using our entire speed database as described in Mouginot et al. 2017 (Fig. 1A). The ice velocity maps are also mosaicked in annual maps at 150 m posting, covering July, 1st to June, 30th of the following year, i.e. centered on January, 1st (12) because a majority of historic data were acquired in winter season, hence spanning two calendar years. We use Landsat-1&2/MSS images between 1972 and 1976 and combine image pairs up to 2 years apart to measure the displacement of surface features between images as described in Dehecq et al., 2015 or Mouginot et al. 2017. We use the 1978 2-m orthorectified aerial images to correct the geolocation of Landsat-1 and -2 images (Korsgaard et al., 2016). Between 1984 and 1991, we process Landsat-4&5/TM image pairs acquired up to 1-year apart. Only few Landsat-4 and -5 images (~3%) needed geocoding refinement using the same 1978 reference as used previously. Between 1991 and 1998, we process radar images from the European ERS-1/2, with a repeat cycle varying from 3 to 36 days depending on the mission phase. Between 1999 and 2013, we used Landsat-7, ASTER, RADARSAT-1/2, ALOS/PALSAR, ENVISAT/ASAR to determine surface velocity (Joughin et al., 2010; Howat, I. 2017; Rignot and Mouginot, 2012). After 2013, we use Landsat-8, Sentinel-1a/b and RADARSAT-2 (Mouginot et al., 2017). All synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets are processed assuming surface parallel flow using the digital elevation model (DEM) from the Greenland Mapping Project (GIMP; Howat et al., 2014) and calibrated as described in Mouginot et al., 2012, 2017. Data were provided by the European Space Agency (ESA), the EU Copernicus program (through ESA), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). SAR data acquisitions were coordinated by the Polar Space Task Group (PSTG). Errors are estimated based on sensor resolution and time lapse between consecutive images as described in Mouginot et al. 2017.

本研究借助6家不同航天机构部署的16台卫星传感器获取的数据,反演地表冰流速。传感器列表详见补充表S1(Table S1)。合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据采用GAMMA处理器(www.gamma-rs.ch)从原始数据处理为单视复数格式。所有流速测量均基于连续影像,通过特征追踪或干涉测量法估算冰体位移(Joughin等,1998;Michel与Rignot,1999;Mouginot等,2012)。合成孔径雷达仪器采用斑点追踪算法,陆地卫星(Landsat)则采用特征追踪算法,以此反演地表冰运动。合成孔径雷达与光学影像均采用喷气推进实验室/加州理工学院(JPL/Caltech)重复轨道干涉测量套件(ROI_PAC)中的互相关程序ampcor进行处理。本研究基于完整的流速数据库,构建了150米格网间距的合成冰流速镶嵌图,具体方法详见Mouginot等(2017),对应图1A(Fig.1A)。冰流速影像同时被拼接为150米格网间距的年度影像,时间跨度为当年7月1日至次年6月30日,即以每年1月1日为中心(时长12个月);由于多数历史数据采集于冬季,因此该年度跨度跨越两个自然年。本研究采用1972年至1976年间的陆地卫星(Landsat)1号与2号的多光谱扫描仪(MSS)影像,按照Dehecq等(2015)及Mouginot等(2017)的方法,将间隔不超过2年的影像对进行匹配,以测算影像间地表特征的位移量。本研究采用1978年获取的2米分辨率正射校正航空影像,对陆地卫星1号与2号影像的地理定位进行校正(Korsgaard等,2016)。1984年至1991年间,本研究处理了陆地卫星4号与5号的专题制图仪(TM)影像对,影像间隔不超过1年;其中仅约3%的陆地卫星4号与5号影像需要采用此前相同的1978年参考数据进行地理编码精校正。1991年至1998年间,本研究处理了欧洲遥感卫星(ERS)1号与2号的雷达影像,其重复观测周期根据任务阶段不同,介于3天至36天之间。1999年至2013年间,本研究采用陆地卫星7号、高级星载热发射和反射辐射计(ASTER)、雷达卫星(RADARSAT)1号与2号、先进陆地观测卫星(ALOS)/相控阵型L波段合成孔径雷达(PALSAR)、环境卫星(ENVISAT)/先进合成孔径雷达(ASAR)获取数据以反演地表冰流速(Joughin等,2010;Howat I.,2017;Rignot与Mouginot,2012)。2013年之后,本研究采用陆地卫星8号、哨兵(Sentinel)1号A/B星以及雷达卫星2号(RADARSAT-2)开展相关研究(Mouginot等,2017)。所有合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据集均采用格陵兰制图项目(GIMP;Howat等,2014)提供的数字高程模型(DEM),假设冰面流动与地表平行进行处理,并按照Mouginot等(2012、2017)的方法进行定标。本研究所需数据由欧洲空间局(ESA)、欧盟哥白尼计划(通过ESA提供)、加拿大空间局(CSA)、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)、意大利空间局(ASI)、德国航空航天中心(DLR)以及美国国家航空航天局(NASA)提供。合成孔径雷达数据的采集工作由极地空间任务组(PSTG)统筹协调。误差估算基于传感器分辨率与连续影像间的时间间隔,具体方法详见Mouginot等(2017)。
提供机构:
Dryad
创建时间:
2019-03-29
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