Data from: Genomic consequences and selection efficacy in sympatric sexual versus asexual kelps

<em><strong>Abstract</strong></em> Genetic diversity can influence resilience and adaptative capacity of organisms to environmental change. Genetic diversity within populations is largely structured by reproduction, with the prevalence of asexual versus sexual reproduction often underpinning important diversity metrics that determine selection efficacy. Asexual or clonal reproduction is expected to reduce genotypic diversity and slow down adaptation through reduced selection efficacy, yet the evolutionary consequences of clonal reproduction remain unclear for many natural populations. Here, we examine the genomic consequences of sympatric sexual (haplodiplontic) and clonal morphs of the kelp<em> Ecklonia radiata </em>that occur interspersed on reefs in Hamelin Bay, Western Australia. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, we confirm significant asexual reproduction for the clonal populations, indicated by a significantly lower number of multi-locus lineages and higher intra-individual diversity patterns (individual multi-locus heterozygosity, MLH). Nevertheless, co-ancestry analysis and breeding experiments confirmed that sexual reproduction by the clonal morph and interbreeding between the two morphs is still possible, but varies among populations. One clonal population with long-term asexuality showed trends of decreased selection efficacy (increased ratio non- vs. synonymous gene diversities). Yet, all clonal populations showed distinct patterns of putative local adaptation relative to the sexual morph, possibly indicating maladaptation to local environmental conditions and high vulnerability of this unique clonal morph to environmental stress. <br> <em><strong>Data</strong></em> SNP datafile: HamelinClean.vcf<br> SNP input file used for population analysis popmap file: popmapHamelinClean.txt<br> population file used for analysis <br> id = sampleID<br> site= siteID

<em><strong>摘要</strong></em> 遗传多样性可影响生物对环境变化的恢复力与适应能力。种群内的遗传多样性主要由繁殖模式塑造，无性繁殖与有性繁殖的占比通常是决定选择效率的关键多样性指标。理论上，无性或克隆繁殖会降低基因型多样性，并通过削弱选择效率减缓适应进程，但目前针对多数自然种群的克隆繁殖进化后果仍不明确。本研究聚焦澳大利亚西部哈梅林湾（Hamelin Bay）礁体上交错分布的海带<em>Ecklonia radiata</em>的同域有性（单倍二倍体，haplodiplontic）与克隆形态型，解析其基因组层面的演化效应。研究采用全基因组单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP）标记，证实克隆种群存在显著的无性繁殖特征：其多位点谱系数量显著更少，且个体内多样性模式（个体多位点杂合度，multi-locus heterozygosity, MLH）更高。不过，共同祖先分析与繁育实验证实，克隆形态型仍可进行有性繁殖，且两种形态型之间也可发生杂交，但该情况在不同种群间存在差异。其中一个长期以无性繁殖为主的克隆种群呈现出选择效率下降的趋势（非同义与同义基因多样性的比值升高）。然而，相较于有性形态型，所有克隆种群均表现出独特的推定局部适应模式，这可能暗示其对当地环境条件的适应不良，且这类特殊的克隆形态型对环境胁迫具有较高的脆弱性。<br> <em><strong>数据</strong></em> 单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP）数据文件：HamelinClean.vcf<br> 用于种群分析的SNP输入文件对应的种群映射文件：popmapHamelinClean.txt<br> 用于分析的种群文件<br> id = 样本编号（sampleID）<br> site = 采样点编号（siteID）