Education and Social Relationships between Museums and Older People: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Rapidly ageing population increases the demand for activities with learning and social stimulation. Museums are well placed to provide such a function. Objective: How and in what form are museums engaging with older populations. The review will focus on three aspects: (1) Identifying the frameworks and tools being used by and in museums with older people. (2) Assess variables used in research and in areas that supports knowledge creation. (3) Identify evidence in relation to the interactions between museums and older audiences. A review of 8 databases and 2 university repositories (English and Portuguese language). The search retrieved 810 potential sources (2002-2020), 39 sources met the inclusion criteria. They focused on the educational aspects of museums and were produced by disciplines like psychology and gerontology, museology, arts and education. Museums play an important role on health (emphasis on psychological and physical wellbeing), socialization (discussing stereotypes, reducing isolation, redefining social roles), socioeconomic aspects (with local focus on services, partnerships) and on creative aging (promoting non-formal education with lifelong learning at different levels).

摘要：人口快速老龄化背景下，兼具学习与社交激励属性的活动需求持续攀升，而博物馆恰好能够承担此类服务功能。研究目标：探讨博物馆以何种方式、何种形式与老年群体开展互动。本综述将围绕三大核心方向展开：其一，梳理面向老年群体的博物馆实践所采用的各类框架与工具；其二，评估支持知识创造的研究与实践领域中所涉及的变量；其三，挖掘博物馆与老年受众互动相关的实证依据。本次综述检索了8个学术数据库与2个大学知识库（涵盖英语与葡萄牙语文献），共获取810篇潜在文献，时间跨度为2002年至2020年，其中39篇符合纳入标准。入选文献均围绕博物馆的教育属性展开，研究涉及心理学、老年学（Gerontology）、博物馆学（Museology）、艺术学与教育学等学科。博物馆在多个维度发挥着重要作用：健康维度（侧重心理与躯体健康）、社交维度（探讨刻板印象、缓解社交孤立、重塑社会角色）、社会经济维度（聚焦本地服务与伙伴关系）以及创意老龄化维度（推动不同层级的终身学习类非正规教育）。