Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for detailed anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

In this study,<b> </b>a high-resolution air pollutant
emission inventory for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was updated for 2017
using emission factors and chemical speciation based mainly on local
measurements. The inventory included 424 non-methane volatile organic compounds
(NMVOC) and 43 particulate matter species (PM_2.5) from 259 specific
sources. The total emissions of SO₂, NO<i>_x</i>, CO,
NMVOCs, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NH₃ in the YRD region
in 2017 were 1,552, 3,235, 38,507, 4,875, 3,770, 1,597, and 2,467 Gg
respectively. SO₂ and CO emissions were mainly from boilers,
accounting for 49% and 73% of the total. Mobile sources dominated NO<i>_x</i>
emissions contributing 57% to the total. NMVOC emissions, mainly from
industrial sources, made up 61% of the total. Dust sources accounted for 55%
and 28% of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emissions respectively.
Agricultural sources accounted for 91% of NH₃ emissions. Major PM_2.5
species were OC, Ca, Si, PSO₄ and EC, accounting for 9.0%, 7.0%,
6.4%, 4.6% and 4.3% of total PM_2.5 emissions respectively. The main
species of NMVOCs were aromatic hydrocarbons, making up 25.3% of the total. Oxygenated
volatile organic compounds contributed 21.9% to the total NMVOC emissions.
Toluene had the highest comprehensive contribution to ozone (O₃) and
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potentials, while other NMVOC
included 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, propylene, ethene, o-xylene,
ethylbenzene. Industrial process and solvent use sources were the main sources
of O₃ and SOA formation potential, followed by motor vehicles. Among
industrial sources, chemical manufacturing, rubber &amp; plastic manufacturing,
appliance manufacturing and textile made significant contributions. This emission
inventory should provide scientific guidance for future control of air
pollutants in the YRD region of China.

本研究以本地化实测数据为核心依据，基于排放因子与化学组分特征，更新了2017年长江三角洲（Yangtze River Delta, YRD）区域高分辨率大气污染物排放清单。该清单涵盖了259类特定污染源排放的424种非甲烷挥发性有机物（non-methane volatile organic compounds, NMVOC）与43种PM₂.₅组分颗粒物。2017年长三角区域SO₂、NOₓ、CO、NMVOCs、PM₁₀、PM₂.₅及NH₃的总排放量分别为1552、3235、38507、4875、3770、1597及2467 Gg。其中SO₂与CO排放主要来自锅炉，分别占总排放量的49%与73%；NOₓ排放以移动源为主，贡献了总排放量的57%；NMVOC排放主要源自工业源，占比达61%；扬尘源分别贡献了PM₁₀与PM₂.₅总排放的55%与28%；农业源则贡献了91%的NH₃排放。PM₂.₅的主要组分依次为有机碳（OC）、钙（Ca）、硅（Si）、PSO₄及元素碳（EC），分别占PM₂.₅总排放的9.0%、7.0%、6.4%、4.6%与4.3%。NMVOC的主要成分为芳香烃，占总NMVOC排放的25.3%；含氧挥发性有机物（oxygenated volatile organic compounds）贡献了21.9%的总NMVOC排放。甲苯（toluene）对臭氧（O₃）与二次有机气溶胶（secondary organic aerosol, SOA）的综合生成潜势贡献最高，其余贡献突出的NMVOC组分包括1,2,4-三甲基苯、间/对二甲苯、丙烯、乙烯、邻二甲苯及乙苯。臭氧与二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的主要来源为工业过程与溶剂使用源，其次为机动车源。在工业源范畴内，化工制造、橡胶与塑料制造、家电制造及纺织业的贡献最为显著。本排放清单可为中国长三角区域后续大气污染物管控工作提供科学指导依据。