Supraglacial debris thickness measurements from excavation pits at Suldenferner

This repository contains data on debris thickness measured by excavating through the debris to the ice underneath. Data were collected in three separate field campaigns on Suldenferner/Ghiacciaio de Solda, a small glacier in the Italian Alps, descending from Ortler. GLIMS ID: G010571E46495N. RGI ID: RGI60-11.01604. The files are as follows: Overview map of the locations of the pits excavated in each year SDF_hd_pits_locations.png Glacier outline from 2013 (Galos et al., 2015) Overlain on googlemaps basemap of 2020 Longitude and latitude in all data are in WGS 84 UTM 32N Excavations in 2014 SDF_hd_2014.csv n = 15 hd = 1 should be interpreted as dz > 0.6m Excavations in 2015 SDF_hd_2015.csv n = 90 hd = 1 should be interpreted as dz > 0.8m Excavations in 2018 SDF_hd_2018.csv n = 290 hd = 1 should be interpreted as dz > 0.4m this dataset also contains additional data on % debris cover at sampled site The methodology was as follows: Latitude and longitude were recorded with a handheld Garmin GPS (horizontal accuracy recorded in 2015 was between 1-7m, with an average accuracy of +/- 3m) Pits were excavated with a shovel or pick until the ice was reached The debris thickness to the ice was measured as the distance to the ice from a horizontal reference placed on the unmodified surrounding surface bridging the excavation, with the reference in at least 2 orientations. Data is reported as the average of the measurements to the nearest 0.01m Thanks are due to the Gutgsell family at the Hintergrathütte for continued support of our research activities. Permission to work on Suldenferner is granted by Stelvio National Park. This research was funded by the Austrian Science Fund Grant numbers V309, P28521, and supported by a University of Cambridge undergraduate travel grant. The 2014 data was collected by Lindsey Nicholson and Anna Wirbel. The 2015 data was collected by Lindsey Nicholson, Anna Wirbel, Lukas Hammerer, Irmgard Juen. The 2018 data was collected by Karla Boxall and Naomi Lefroy.

本数据集仓库包含通过挖掘冰碛层直至下方冰层所测得的冰碛厚度（debris thickness）数据。所有数据采集自意大利阿尔卑斯山区一座源自奥尔勒山（Ortler）的小型冰川——苏尔登费纳冰川（Suldenferner/Ghiacciaio de Solda）的三次独立野外考察工作。该冰川的GLIMS编号为G010571E46495N，伦道夫冰川目录（RGI）编号为RGI60-11.01604。

数据集包含以下文件：
各年份挖掘坑位位置概览图SDF_hd_pits_locations.png：该图以2020年谷歌地图为底图，叠加了2013年冰川轮廓（源自Galos等人2015年的研究成果），标注了各年度挖掘坑位的分布位置。
所有数据中的经纬度均采用WGS 84 UTM 32N坐标系。

- 2014年挖掘数据：SDF_hd_2014.csv，共15个有效样本。其中hd=1应解读为dz>0.6米。
- 2015年挖掘数据：SDF_hd_2015.csv，共90个有效样本。其中hd=1应解读为dz>0.8米。
- 2018年挖掘数据：SDF_hd_2018.csv，共290个有效样本。其中hd=1应解读为dz>0.4米。

本数据集还包含采样点处冰碛覆盖占比的额外观测数据。

数据采集方法如下：
1. 经纬度坐标通过手持Garmin GPS设备记录，2015年测量的水平精度为1~7米，平均精度为±3米。
2. 使用铁锹或镐头开挖坑位直至暴露下方冰层。
3. 冰碛厚度（即冰层至地表的垂直距离）通过置于挖掘坑上方、横跨未受扰动周边地表的水平参考物测得，参考物需至少在两个方向放置以保证测量准确性，最终取多次测量的平均值，结果保留至0.01米。

致谢与资助说明：
感谢Hintergrathütte的古茨格尔（Gutgsell）家族对本研究的长期支持。在苏尔登费纳冰川开展野外工作的许可由斯泰尔维奥国家公园（Stelvio National Park）授予。本研究得到奥地利科学基金资助（项目编号：V309、P28521），并获得剑桥大学本科生旅行资助。

2014年的野外数据由Lindsey Nicholson与Anna Wirbel采集。
2015年的野外数据由Lindsey Nicholson、Anna Wirbel、Lukas Hammerer、Irmgard Juen采集。
2018年的野外数据由Karla Boxall与Naomi Lefroy采集。