Omega 3 Fatty Acids Reduce the Triglyceride Levels in Rats with Apical Periodontitis

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) on the lipid profile and periapical bone resorption in rats with apical periodontitis. Forty male rats were divided into groups: control rats (C), rats treated with w-3 PUFAs (C+O), rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP), and rats with AP treated with w-3 PUFAs (AP+O). The administration of w-3 PUFAs was carried out orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, for an additional 30 days after pulp exposure. AP was induced by exposing pulpal tissues to the oral environment. The samples were collected after 30 days. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels were enzymatically measured using the Trinder method. The jaws were collected and submitted for histological analysis. Two-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance was set at p<0.05. The triglyceride levels of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the C, C+O and AP+O groups (p<0.05). However, the difference in the cholesterol levels among the groups was not significant (p>0.05). Rats with AP showed larger areas of bone resorption as well as higher inflammatory intensity compared with rats with AP supplemented with w-3 PUFAs. It may be concluded that the presence of multiple AP foci increased the triglyceride levels. In addition, omega 3 supplementation might reduce these levels in rats with AP, as well as the bone resorption areas of periapical tissues.

摘要 本研究旨在评估ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids，w-3 PUFAs）的预防性与治疗性补充对根尖周炎大鼠血脂谱及根尖周骨吸收的影响。将40只雄性大鼠分为四组：空白对照组（C）、w-3 PUFAs干预对照组（C+O）、牙髓暴露诱导根尖周炎组（AP）、w-3 PUFAs干预根尖周炎组（AP+O）。w-3 PUFAs的给药方式为每日经口给药，于牙髓暴露前15天开始给药，并在牙髓暴露后持续给药30天。根尖周炎模型通过将牙髓组织暴露于口腔环境构建。于造模后30天采集样本，采用特林德法（Trinder method）酶法测定甘油三酯与胆固醇水平；采集颌骨样本用于组织病理学分析。采用双因素方差分析与克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验进行统计学分析，检验水准设定为p<0.05。结果显示，AP组大鼠的甘油三酯水平显著高于C组、C+O组及AP+O组（p<0.05）；但各组间胆固醇水平差异无统计学意义（p>0.05）。与补充w-3 PUFAs的AP组大鼠相比，未补充的AP组大鼠根尖周骨吸收面积更大，炎症浸润程度更高。综上，多发根尖周炎病灶可升高大鼠血清甘油三酯水平；而ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸补充可降低根尖周炎大鼠的甘油三酯水平，并减轻根尖周组织的骨吸收程度。