k195hw.m77t and k195hw.h77t: MGD77T data and header files for single-beam bathymetry data for field activity K-1-95-HW in in Hawaii from 06/14/1995 to 06/18/1995

Single-beam bathymetry data along with DGPS navigation data was collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey cruise K-1-95-HW. The cruise was conducted in Oahu, Hawaii from June 14 to June 18, 1995. The chief scientist was Mike Torresan from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology office in Menlo Park, CA.
The purpose of this cruise was to conduct an integrated study on the distribution and character of dredged materials as well as the effects of dredged material on the marine environment. A three phase study provided information to evaluate the effects on seafloor substrate and the benthic fauna. The studies include geophysical profiling and imaging, bottom photography, sampling, chemical and physical analyses of sediment, and evaluations of the benthic population, population density, and adverse impacts to the benthic fauna. The geophysical source was an ODEC 3.5 kilohertz (kHz) echosounder.
These data are reformatted from space-delimited ASCII text files located in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) InfoBank field activity catalog at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/k/k195hw/html/k-1-95-hw.meta.html into MGD77T format provided by the NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center(NGDC). The MGD77T format includes a header (documentation) file (.h77t) and a data file (.m77t). More information regarding this format can be found in the publication listed in the Cross_reference section of this metadata file.

作为美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey, USGS）K-1-95-HW航次的一部分，科研人员采集了单波束测深数据（single-beam bathymetry data）与差分全球定位系统（Differential Global Positioning System, DGPS）导航数据。该航次于1995年6月14日至6月18日在夏威夷瓦胡岛开展，首席科学家为来自加利福尼亚州门洛帕克市美国地质调查局海岸与海洋地质办公室的Mike Torresan。
本次航次的核心研究目标为针对疏浚物料的分布特征、自身属性，以及疏浚物料对海洋环境的影响开展综合研究。本研究分为三个阶段，旨在为评估疏浚活动对海底底质与底栖动物群（benthic fauna）的影响提供科学依据。研究内容涵盖地球物理剖面探测与成像、海底摄影、样品采集、沉积物理化分析，以及底栖生物种群、种群密度及底栖动物群所受负面影响的评估工作。本次研究所用的地球物理探测设备为ODEC 3.5千赫（kHz）回声测深仪（echosounder）。
本数据集由存储于海岸与海洋地质项目（Coastal and Marine Geology Program, CMGP）信息库野外活动目录（网址：http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/k/k195hw/html/k-1-95-hw.meta.html）中的空格分隔ASCII文本文件转换而来，转换后的格式为美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）下属国家地球物理数据中心（National Geophysical Data Center, NGDC）制定的MGD77T格式。MGD77T格式包含头文件（.h77t，含文档信息）与数据文件（.m77t）两类文件。关于该格式的更多详情，可查阅本元数据文件交叉参考部分所列的相关出版物。