Periodontal parameters in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-diabetic patients

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-diabetic patients. Forty-one patients with prediabetes (Group 1), 43 patients with T2DM (Group 2), and 41 controls (Group 3) were included. Demographic data were recorded using a questionnaire. Full-mouth clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [CAL], missing teeth [MT]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) parameters were measured on digital radiographs. In all groups, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also measured. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age and HbA1c levels of participants in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 53.4±3.5, 60.1 ± 0.6, and 56.6 ± 2.5 years and 6.1%, 8.4%, and 4.8%, respectively. The mean duration of prediabetes and T2DM in patients from Groups 1 and 2 were 1.9 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ± 0.5 years, respectively. PI, BOP, PD, MT, CAL, and MBL were significantly higher in Groups 1 (p < 0.05) and 2 (p < 0.05) than in Group 3. There was no statistically significant difference in these parameters in Groups 1 and 2. Periodontal parameters were worse between prediabetes and T2DM patients compared with controls; however, these parameters were comparable between prediabetes and T2DM patients.

摘要 本研究旨在比较前驱糖尿病、2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM）与非糖尿病患者的临床及影像学牙周参数。本研究共纳入41例前驱糖尿病患者（第1组）、43例2型糖尿病患者（第2组）及41例对照者（第3组）。通过问卷调查收集人口学资料。对数字化X线片采集全口临床参数，包括菌斑指数（plaque index, PI）、探诊出血（bleeding on probing, BOP）、探诊深度（probing depth, PD）、临床附着丧失（clinical attachment loss, CAL）、缺牙数（missing teeth, MT），以及影像学参数边缘骨丧失（marginal bone loss, MBL）。同时检测所有受试者的糖化血红蛋白A1c（hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c）水平。以P值<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。第1、2、3组受试者的平均年龄分别为53.4±3.5、60.1±0.6、56.6±2.5岁，平均HbA1c水平分别为6.1%、8.4%、4.8%。第1组和第2组患者的前驱糖尿病、2型糖尿病平均病程分别为1.9±0.3年和3.1±0.5年。第1组（P<0.05）与第2组（P<0.05）的PI、BOP、PD、MT、CAL及MBL水平均显著高于第3组；第1组与第2组间上述参数的差异无统计学意义。相较于对照组，前驱糖尿病与2型糖尿病患者的牙周参数更差，但前驱糖尿病与2型糖尿病患者的牙周参数水平相当。