Data from: Molecular phylogeny of Aphyocharacinae (Characiformes, Characidae) with morphological diagnoses for the subfamily and recognized genera

The subfamily Aphyocharacinae was recently redefined to comprise eight genera: Aphyocharax, Prionobrama, Paragoniates, Phenagoniates, Leptagoniates, Xenagoniates, Rachoviscus and Inpaichthys. This new composition, however, is partly incongruent with results of published molecular studies especially with regards to the positions of Rachoviscus and Inpaichthys. Our goal was to investigate the monophyly of Aphyocharacinae and its interrelationships using three distinct phylogenetic methodologies: Maximum–likelihood and Bayesian analyses of molecular data, and also Parsimony analysis of a concatenated molecular and morphological dataset. All tree topologies recovered herein suggest that Rachoviscus, Inpaichthys and Leptagoniates pi do not belong to the Aphyocharacinae. The remaining aphyocharacin taxa analyzed do form a monophyletic group, which is itself composed of two subgroups being one comprised of Paragoniates, Phenagoniates, Leptagoniates and Xenagoniates, and the other comprised of Aphyocharax and Prionobrama. Internal relationships among these genera are statistically well supported and morphological synapomorphies are presented at the generic level. All tree topologies also indicate that Aphyocharacidium is closely related to Aphyocharacinae suggesting that it should be included in this subfamily. As recognized in the present study, the Aphyocharacinae is diagnosed by a single morphological synapomorphy: two dorsal-fin rays articulating with the first dorsal pterygiophore.

脂鲤亚科（Aphyocharacinae）近日被重新界定，包含8个属：Aphyocharax、Prionobrama、Paragoniates、Phenagoniates、Leptagoniates、Xenagoniates、Rachoviscus及Inpaichthys。不过这一新的分类组成与已发表的分子生物学研究结果存在部分冲突，尤其在Rachoviscus和Inpaichthys的系统位置上差异显著。本研究旨在通过三种不同的系统发育分析方法，探究脂鲤亚科（Aphyocharacinae）的单系性及其内部亲缘关系：分子数据的最大似然法与贝叶斯分析，以及联合分子与形态学数据集的简约分析法。本研究得到的所有系统发育拓扑结构均显示，Rachoviscus、Inpaichthys以及Leptagoniates pi并不属于脂鲤亚科。其余被分析的脂鲤亚科类群则构成一个单系群，该群可分为两个亚支：其一包含Paragoniates、Phenagoniates、Leptagoniates与Xenagoniates，其二包含Aphyocharax与Prionobrama。这些属间的内部亲缘关系具有较高的统计学支持度，且各属均存在对应的形态学共有衍征。所有系统发育拓扑结构还表明，Aphyocharacidium与脂鲤亚科（Aphyocharacinae）亲缘关系密切，因此应被归入该亚科。本研究界定的脂鲤亚科（Aphyocharacinae）鉴别特征为单一形态学共有衍征：2枚背鳍鳍条与第一背鳍支鳍骨相关节。