Prevalence of burnout and predictive factors among oncology nursing professionals: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Burnout is a syndrome that mostly affects professionals working in contact with patients and their caregivers. In oncology care, nursing professionals are constantly required to provide emotional support for patients and their caregivers, throughout the process of becoming ill, suffering and dying. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with burnout in a sample of nursing professionals at a cancer hospital. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. METHODS: The study population comprised 655 nursing professionals. Burnout syndrome was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors associated with burnout. RESULTS: Among 304 nursing professionals included in the study, 27 (8.9%) were classified as presenting burnout according to the two-dimensional criteria, and four (1.3%) were classified based on the three-dimensional criteria. Workplace characteristics were not associated with burnout, while single marital status (odds ratio, OR = 2.695; P = 0.037), perceived workplace stressors, such as impatience with colleagues (OR = 3.996; P = 0.007) and melancholy (OR = 2.840; P = 0.021) were considered to be predictors of burnout. Nursing professionals who would choose the profession again (OR = 0.214; P = 0.001) were least likely to present burnout. CONCLUSION: Perceived workplace stressors are strongly associated with burnout. Strategies focusing on restructuring of daily work processes and on activities that stimulate positive relationships are important for professionals’ health because motivation to continue working in oncology nursing has a protective effect against burnout.

【研究背景】职业倦怠（Burnout）是一种主要累及与患者及其照护者打交道的从业人员的综合征。在肿瘤护理领域，护理人员需在患者患病、经受病痛乃至临终的全过程中，持续为患者及其照护者提供情感支持。
【研究目的】本研究旨在评估某肿瘤医院护理人员样本中的职业倦怠患病率及其相关影响因素。
【研究设计与研究场所】本研究为横断面研究，于巴雷托斯肿瘤医院（Hospital de Câncer de Barretos）开展。
【研究方法】本研究的研究人群共纳入655名护理人员。采用马氏职业倦怠量表人际服务版（Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey）评估职业倦怠情况。通过单因素分析及二元logistic回归模型，筛选与职业倦怠相关的独立预测因素。
【研究结果】本研究最终纳入304名护理人员，依据二维判定标准，其中27人（8.9%）被判定存在职业倦怠；依据三维判定标准，则有4人（1.3%）符合职业倦怠诊断。研究未发现工作场所特征与职业倦怠存在关联，但单身婚姻状况（比值比OR=2.695；P=0.037）、感知到的工作场所压力源（如对同事缺乏耐心OR=3.996，P=0.007；情绪低落OR=2.840，P=0.021）被证实为职业倦怠的预测因素。表示愿意再次选择本职业的护理人员，出现职业倦怠的概率显著更低（OR=0.214；P=0.001）。
【研究结论】感知到的工作场所压力源与职业倦怠存在显著关联。针对日常工作流程重构及建立积极人际关系的干预策略，对护理人员的健康至关重要，因为继续从事肿瘤护理工作的动机可对职业倦怠起到保护作用。