Genotypic by phenotypic interaction affects the heritability and relationship among quantity and quality traits of strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>)

The success of plant breeding depends on diversity in plant genetic resources and their responses to changing environments. Accordingly, 20 strawberry genotypes with diverse genetic background were evaluated for their performance under different environments based on the estimation of their genetic variability and heritability. The results showed that environmental factors have great influences on changing the size of the measured traits. Also, a high heritability and genetic variation detected for yield and its components showed a strong potential for improvement among the strawberry genotypes and being considered as raw materials in breeding programs. Biplot and heatmap, in line with the clustering, showed to be key methods for finding the structural association among genotypes and traits. Cluster analysis showed that the genotypes originating from the same geographic area were not necessarily placed in the same clusters which could be due to the environmental variability and the different responses of the genotypes coming from altered genetic materials. The overall results regarding multivariate analyses showed that genotypes Kurdistan, Queen Elisa and No.14 could be considered as a cluster with high similarity for being crossed by other genotypes in the clusters such as groups of Pajaro and Chandler, or the group of Selva and Gaviota.植物育种的成功与否，取决于植物遗传资源的多样性及其对不断变化的环境的响应。据此，本研究针对20份遗传背景各异的草莓基因型（genotype），通过估算其遗传变异（genetic variability）与遗传力（heritability），评价了它们在不同环境下的表现。研究结果显示，环境因素对所测定性状的表型值具有显著影响。此外，产量及其构成性状所检测到的高遗传力与遗传变异，表明这些草莓基因型具备极强的改良潜力，可作为育种项目的优质原材料加以利用。双标图（Biplot）与热图（heatmap）结合聚类分析，被证实是揭示基因型与性状间结构关联的关键方法。聚类分析结果表明，源自同一地理区域的基因型未必会被归为同一类群，这一现象可能源于环境变异以及不同遗传背景材料的基因型所表现出的响应差异。多变量分析的综合结果显示，库尔德斯坦（Kurdistan）、埃利莎女王（Queen Elisa）以及14号（No.14）这三份基因型可被视为具有高度相似性的类群，可与其他类群（如帕哈罗（Pajaro）、钱德勒（Chandler）类群，或是塞尔瓦（Selva）与加维奥塔（Gaviota）类群）中的基因型进行杂交。