Data from: Neotropical frogs and mating songs: the evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs.

Anurans emit advertisement calls with the purpose of attracting mates and repelling conspecific competitors. The evolution of call traits is expected to be associated with the evolution of anatomical and behavioral traits due to the physics of call emission and transmission. Additionally, since vocalizing might imply a trade-off with investment in parental care, the evolution of calls is expected to trade-off with parental care. Here, we investigated the association between body size, calling site, parental care and call properties (call duration, number of notes, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and call structure) of the advertisement calls of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae)—a family of Neotropical, leaf-dwelling anurans—using phylogenetic comparative methods. We also explored the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and compared them with those of three morphological traits associated with body size, locomotion and feeding. We generated and compiled acoustic data for 72 glassfrog species (46% of total species richness), including representatives of all genera. We found that almost all acoustic traits have significant, but generally modest, phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of calls is significantly associated with body-size, while call structure is significantly associated with calling site and paternal care. Thus, the evolution of body size and calling site could constrain call evolution. The estimated disparity of acoustic traits was larger than that of morphological traits and the peak in disparity of acoustic traits generally occurred later in the evolution of glassfrogs, indicating a historically recent outset of the acoustic divergence in this clade.

无尾类会发出求偶鸣唱（advertisement calls），用以吸引配偶并排斥同种竞争者。由于鸣唱产生与传播的物理特性，鸣唱性状的演化预计会与解剖学和行为学性状的演化相关联。此外，由于鸣唱可能与亲本抚育（parental care）的投入存在演化权衡，鸣唱的演化预计也会与亲本抚育形成权衡关系。本研究采用系统发育比较方法（phylogenetic comparative methods），针对新热带界栖叶型无尾类类群——玻璃蛙科（Centrolenidae），探究其求偶鸣唱的体型、鸣唱位点、亲本抚育与鸣唱性状（鸣唱时长、音节数、峰值频率、频率带宽及鸣唱结构）之间的关联。本研究同时探究了上述性状的演化速率与演化模式，并将其与体型、运动及摄食相关的三类形态学性状进行比较。我们收集并整理了72种玻璃蛙的声学数据，占该科总物种丰富度的46%，涵盖所有现生属的代表类群。研究结果显示，几乎所有声学性状均具有显著但整体较弱的系统发育信号（phylogenetic signal）。鸣唱的峰值频率与体型显著相关，而鸣唱结构则与鸣唱位点及父本抚育显著相关。由此可见，体型与鸣唱位点的演化可能会对鸣唱性状的演化形成约束。声学性状的估算演化差异度大于形态学性状，且声学性状的差异度峰值通常在玻璃蛙演化历程中出现得更晚，这表明该演化支（clade）的声学分化起源时间相对较晚。