Genetic progress of the peach breeding program of Embrapa over 16 years

Abstract The peach breeding program of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), addressing the adaptation to mild winter conditions, is one of the largest in the world and maintains a germplasm collection of nearly 900 accessions. The objective was to estimate the genetic progress in fruit weight (FW) and fruit development period (FDP) resulting from the above program, by analyzing data records of 16 years (2000 - 2015) of 65 genotypes. Based on samples of ≥ 10 fruits, the mean annual FW (in g) and FDP (in number of days) from full flowering to harvest were determined. In the 16 years, the gain in FDP consisted of respective reductions of about -12.8, -3.3, -2.8 days for canning peach, fresh peach and nectarine. However, the genetic progress in fruit weight was 5.3, 1.4 and -17.9 g fruit-1 for canning peach, fresh peach and nectarine, respectively.

摘要 巴西农业研究公司（Embrapa）开展的针对温和冬季适应性的桃育种项目，是全球规模最大的桃育种项目之一，其维护的种质资源库拥有近900份种质材料。本研究旨在通过分析65份基因型材料2000至2015年共16年的试验记录数据，评估该项目在果实重量（fruit weight, FW）与果实发育期（fruit development period, FDP）上的遗传进展。研究基于每份材料≥10个果实的采样，测定了年度平均果实重量（单位：克）以及从盛花至采收的平均果实发育期（单位：天）。16年间，罐藏桃、鲜食桃和油桃的果实发育期遗传增益分别为-12.8、-3.3、-2.8天，即各类型桃的发育期分别缩短约12.8、3.3、2.8天。但果实重量的遗传增益则分别为罐藏桃5.3克/果、鲜食桃1.4克/果、油桃-17.9克/果。