Avian brood parasites should target the most profitable host species, but current conditions might locally influence their choice, producing geographic mosaics of coevolution. Throughout Europe, the m
To determine the mean lethal concentration (LC50), a series of experiments were performed. For each isolate involved, 5 different concentrations were used (109, 108, 107, 106 and 105 granules/ml) with
Some parasites use olfactory cues to detect their hosts and, since bacterial symbionts are partially responsible of animal odors, they could also determine parasitism of their hosts. By experimental m
While eusociality arose in species with single-mating females, multiple mating by queens has evolved repeatedly across the social ants, bees, and wasps. Understanding the benefits and costs of multipl
