Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, 2001-2006

This study is the full release of 2001-2006 data from Module 2 of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems is an ongoing collaborative program of crossnational research among national election studies designed to advance the understanding of electoral behavior across polities. The project, which is being carried out in over 50 consolidated and emerging democracies, was coordinated by social scientists from around the world who cooperated to specify the research agenda, the study design, and the micro- and macro-level data that native teams of researchers collected within each polity. This collection currently comprises data from surveys conducted in the countries of Albania, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United States. Module 2 focuses on electoral institutions and political behavior, particularly on the fundamental principles of democratic governance: representation and accountability. It aims to examine how well different electoral institutions function as mechanisms by which citizens' views are represented in the policymaking process, and by which citizens hold their elected representatives accountable. This is accomplished by explicitly linking individual attitudes and behaviors to the political context across a variety of settings. The module added a new set of items on citizen engagement and cognition across demographic polities, and expanded the analyses of the first module to examine how voters' choices are affected by the institutional context within which those choices are made. The survey results have been compiled and supplemented with district-level information that provides insight into the respondent's political context, and macro-level data that detail the respondent's political system as a whole. At each level of data collection, the measurements used have been standardized to promote comparison. Demographic variables include age, sex, race, ethnicity, education level, marital status, employment status, occupation, household union membership, language, socioeconomic status, political party affiliation, political orientation, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, household income, number of children and other members of the household, and type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural).

本研究完整发布了选举制度比较研究（Comparative Study of Electoral Systems）第二模块2001-2006年的数据集。选举制度比较研究是一项持续推进的跨国合作研究计划，由各国选举研究机构联合开展，旨在深化对不同政体下选举行为的认知。该项目在全球50余个成熟民主政体与新兴民主政体中实施，由来自世界各地的社会科学家统筹协调，各方协作确立研究议程、研究设计，以及由各国本土研究团队在对应政体内采集的微观与宏观层面数据。本数据集目前包含阿尔巴尼亚、澳大利亚、比利时、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、智利、捷克共和国、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、英国、中国香港、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、以色列、意大利、日本、吉尔吉斯斯坦、墨西哥、荷兰、新西兰、挪威、秘鲁、菲律宾、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、斯洛文尼亚、韩国、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、中国台湾以及美国等国家和地区的调查数据。第二模块聚焦选举制度与政治行为，尤其围绕民主治理的两项核心原则——代表制与问责制展开。该模块旨在探究不同选举制度作为公民观点纳入政策制定流程、以及公民监督当选代表履职机制的运行实效。研究通过将个体态度与行为置于多样政治情境中进行关联分析，达成上述研究目标。本模块新增了一套针对不同人口结构政体下的公民参与与政治认知的调研题项，并拓展了第一模块的分析框架，以考察选民的投票选择如何受其决策所处制度环境的影响。调研结果已完成整合，并辅以两类补充数据：一是选区层面信息，用于解析受访者所处的政治情境；二是宏观层面数据，用于详细呈现受访者所在国家的整体政治系统。在各层级的数据采集环节，所有测量指标均已完成标准化处理，以保障跨样本比较的可行性。人口统计变量涵盖年龄、性别、种族、族裔、受教育水平、婚姻状况、就业状态、职业、家庭工会会员身份、语言、社会经济地位、政党归属、政治倾向、宗教偏好、宗教礼拜频率、家庭收入、子女与家庭成员数量，以及居住区域类型（如城市或乡村）。