LISTOS Hammonasset Ground Site Data

LISTOS_Ground_Hammonasset_Data is the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS) ground site data collected at the Hammonasset ground site during the LISTOS field campaign. This product is a result of a joint effort across multiple agencies, including NASA, NOAA, the EPA Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Maine Department of Environmental Protection, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and several research groups at universities. Data collection is complete.

The New York City (NYC) metropolitan area (comprised of portions of New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut in and around NYC) is home to over 20 million people, but also millions of people living downwind in neighboring states. This area continues to persistently have challenges meeting past and recently revised federal health-based air quality standards for ground-level ozone, which impacts the health and well-being of residents living in the area. A unique feature of this chronic ozone problem is the pollution transported in a northeast direction out of NYC over Long Island Sound. The relatively cool waters of Long Island Sound confine the pollutants in a shallow and stable marine boundary layer. Afternoon heating over coastal land creates a sea breeze that carries the air pollution inland from the confined marine layer, resulting in high ozone concentrations in Connecticut and, at times, farther east into Rhode Island and Massachusetts. To investigate the evolving nature of ozone formation and transport in the NYC region and downwind, Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) launched the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). LISTOS was a multi-agency collaborative study focusing on Long Island Sound and the surrounding coastlines that continually suffer from poor air quality exacerbated by land/water circulation. The primary measurement observations took place between June-September 2018 and include in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation that were integrated aboard three aircraft, a network of ground sites, mobile vehicles, boat measurements, and ozonesondes. The goal of LISTOS was to improve the understanding of ozone chemistry and sea breeze transported pollution over Long Island Sound and its coastlines. LISTOS also provided NASA the opportunity to test air quality remote sensing retrievals with the use of its airborne simulators (GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Airborne Simulator (GCAS), and Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensory Optimization (GeoTASO)) for the preparation of the Tropospheric Emissions; Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) observations for monitoring air quality from space. LISTOS also helped collaborators in the validation of Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) science products, with use of airborne- and ground-based measurements of ozone, NO2, and HCHO.

LISTOS_Ground_Hammonasset_Data 是长岛海峡对流层臭氧研究（Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study，LISTOS）野外考察期间，于哈蒙纳塞特地面站点采集的LISTOS地面站点数据。本数据集由美国国家航空航天局（NASA）、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）、美国环境保护署（EPA）东北各州空气使用管理协调委员会（Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management，NESCAUM）、缅因州环境保护部、新泽西州环境保护部、纽约州环境保护部及多所高校的多个研究团队联合研发完成，目前数据采集工作已全部结束。

纽约都会区（New York City，NYC，涵盖纽约州、新泽西州及康涅狄格州纽约都会区周边区域）承载了超2000万常住人口，同时其下风方向的邻近州域也居住着数百万民众。该区域长期难以满足过往及新近修订的联邦地面臭氧（ground-level ozone）健康空气质量标准，这一问题直接影响了当地居民的健康与生活福祉。这一慢性臭氧污染问题的独特特征在于，污染物会从纽约都会区沿东北方向经由长岛海峡输送。长岛海峡相对凉爽的水域将污染物限制在浅而稳定的海洋边界层（marine boundary layer）中。沿海陆地的午后升温会形成海风（sea breeze），将受困于海洋边界层的空气污染输送至内陆，导致康涅狄格州乃至部分时段向东延伸至罗德岛州与马萨诸塞州出现高臭氧浓度。为探究纽约都会区及其下风区域臭氧形成与输送的演化机制，东北各州空气使用管理协调委员会（NESCAUM）发起了长岛海峡对流层臭氧研究（LISTOS）项目。
LISTOS是一项多机构协作研究计划，聚焦于长期受海陆环流影响导致空气质量恶化的长岛海峡及其周边海岸带。主要观测工作于2018年6月至9月开展，所用观测手段包括集成于三架航空器的原位（in-situ）与遥感（remote sensing）探测仪器、地面站点网络、移动观测车、船舶探测及臭氧探空仪（ozonesondes）。LISTOS的核心目标是加深对长岛海峡及其沿岸区域臭氧化学过程与海风输送污染的认知。此外，该项目还为美国国家航空航天局（NASA）提供了利用机载模拟器验证空气质量遥感反演算法的契机，相关模拟器包括地球静止海岸与空气污染事件（GEOstationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events，GEO-CAPE）机载模拟器（GCAS）以及地球静止痕量气体与气溶胶传感优化（Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensory Optimization，GeoTASO），为后续开展对流层排放与污染监测（Tropospheric Emissions; Monitoring of Pollution，TEMPO）卫星空气质量监测任务奠定技术基础。同时，LISTOS还借助航空器与地面采集的臭氧、二氧化氮（NO₂）及甲醛（HCHO）观测数据，协助合作者完成了对流层监测仪器（Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument，TROPOMI）科学产品的验证工作。