Yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra' sweet orange on eight rootstocks in tropical cohesive soils

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the influence of eight rootstocks on the yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra CNPMF D6' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees grown under rainfed conditions in a cohesive soil of the Brazilian Northeast. In 2014-2018, the yield, fruits, and survival of trees planted in 1997 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Yield was assessed using annual fruit production, yield efficiency, and the alternate bearing index. Tree survival was considered the percentage of plants that remained alive until 2018. Fruit quality was evaluated by physicochemical attributes. 'Cravo' confirmed its good yield performance. Despite the lower number of trees, the 'Mazoe' rough lemon rootstock induced the highest fruit yield. The 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' hybrid and 'Volkameriano' lemon favored the highest trees survival, whereas 'Indio' citrandarin and 'Cravo' lime resulted in intermediate levels. The 'San Diego' and 'Riverside' citrandarins induced shorter tree with a high yield efficiency and a higher alternate bearing index, respectively. Fruits with less juice and mass were induced, respectively, by 'Riverside' citrandarin and 'Volkameriano' lemon. It can be concluded that the 'Mazoe' rootstock induces a higher fruit yield and 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' and 'Volkameriano', a greater survival. In addition, all rootstocks, except 'Riverside' and 'Volkameriano', induce fruit that meet the minimum quality requirements.

摘要：本研究旨在明确8种砧木对巴西东北部黏聚性土壤雨养栽培条件下种植的‘佩拉CNPMF D6’甜橙（*Citrus sinensis*）的产量、果实品质及树体存活率的影响。试验于1997年定植果树，2014至2018年采用随机完全区组设计，对1997年定植的果树开展产量、果实量及树体存活率的评价。产量通过年度果实总产量、产量效率及隔年结果指数进行评定；树体存活率以截至2018年仍存活的植株占比计算；果实品质则通过理化特性指标展开评价。研究结果表明：‘克拉沃’砧木表现出优异的产量性能；尽管存活植株数量较少，但‘马佐粗柠檬’砧木可实现最高的果实总产量。‘克拉沃×克利奥帕特拉’杂交砧木与‘沃尔卡默柠檬’砧木的树体存活率最高，‘印第奥枳橙’与‘克拉沃酸橙’砧木的存活率处于中等水平。‘圣地亚哥枳橙’与‘里弗赛德枳橙’砧木均可培育出矮化植株，二者分别具备较高的产量效率与隔年结果指数。‘里弗赛德枳橙’与‘沃尔卡默柠檬’砧木分别会导致果实出汁率与单果质量降低。综上可知，‘马佐’砧木可实现更高的果实总产量，‘克拉沃×克利奥帕特拉’与‘沃尔卡默柠檬’砧木的树体存活率更优；此外，除‘里弗赛德枳橙’与‘沃尔卡默柠檬’外，其余所有砧木所结的果实均符合最低品质要求。