Amazon canga: the unique vegetation of Carajás revealed by the list of seed plants

Abstract The Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA of Carajás) and the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF) are home to canga vegetation where 856 species distributed in 116 families of seed plants were recorded. The richest families were Poaceae (86), Fabaceae (65) and Rubiaceae (46) and the best represented habit was herbaceous. Two genera, 24 species and one subspecies are considered endemic from the canga of the studied area. Within the FLONA of Carajás, the Serra Norte was the best sampled site, and is home for 659 species of seed plants, while 545 species were recorded for the Serra Sul. Approximately 60% of the species documented, including the endemics, have no record within the PNCF. Through the taxonomic list here presented, it was possible to demonstrate considerable distinction between the canga of the Serra dos Carajás and the same formation in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, in Minas Gerais, with little correspondence between these two lists and the one from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The richness and singularity of the regional flora, which includes many endemisms, associated to the current threats to these environments due to mineral exploration, point to the need for careful and consistent planning to ensure the conservation of the flora of the canga of Carajás.

摘要
卡拉哈斯国家森林公园（Floresta Nacional de Carajás，简称FLONA）与铁质草原国家公园（Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos，简称PNCF）分布有坎加植被（canga vegetation），该区域共记录到隶属于116个科的856种种子植物。其中物种丰富度最高的科为禾本科（Poaceae，86种）、豆科（Fabaceae，65种）与茜草科（Rubiaceae，46种），占比最高的生活型为草本植物。本次研究区域的坎加植被中，有2属、24种及1亚种为特有类群。
在卡拉哈斯FLONA范围内，北塞拉（Serra Norte）为采样最充分的区域，共分布有659种种子植物；南塞拉（Serra Sul）则记录到545种种子植物。本次记录的物种中约60%（含特有类群）未在PNCF中被报道过。
通过本次发布的分类名录，可证实卡拉哈斯山脉的坎加植被与米纳斯吉拉斯州铁四角（Quadrilátero Ferrífero）区域的同类植被存在显著差异；且这两份名录与南马托格罗索州科伦巴（Corumbá）区域的同类名录之间相关性极低。
该区域植物区系兼具丰富性与独特性，且包含大量特有类群；加之当前矿产勘探对该类生境造成的威胁，亟需制定审慎且连贯的保护规划，以保障卡拉哈斯坎加植被植物区系的存续。