Appendix 1. Research questionnaire

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors facilitating collaboration among higher education tutors during the pandemic-induced shift to exclusive online delivery. Literature has remained scarce on this exact topic and context. This study, conducted at an English Language Teaching Centre affiliated with a UK university, highlights key factors for successful online collaboration. According to the findings, these are: training and support from peers and leadership, frequent professional interaction, and trust. Negative factors, such as contract length, time constraints, and excessive informal interaction, were also identified. Participants suggested increasing opportunities for expertise sharing to enhance tutor cooperation. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. A thorough thematic analysis was employed to analyse and interpret the evidence gathered. This research can serve as a foundation for future studies on enhancing staff collaboration in online or hybrid teaching environments.

本研究旨在探究疫情推动高等教育教师全面转向线上授课期间，促进高校教师协作的核心影响因素。目前针对这一特定主题与实践场景的相关学术文献仍较为匮乏。本研究依托隶属于英国某大学的英语教学中心（English Language Teaching Centre）开展，明确了推动线上协作取得成功的关键因素。研究结果显示，这些因素包括：同伴与管理层提供的培训与支持、高频次的专业互动，以及信任关系。同时，本研究也识别出若干阻碍协作的负面因素，如合同期限、时间限制，以及过度的非正式互动。参与调研的教师建议，应增设专业知识共享的机会，以强化教师间的协作效果。本研究通过问卷调查与访谈法采集定量（quantitative）与定性（qualitative）两类数据，并采用系统性主题分析法（thematic analysis）对所采集的证据开展分析与解读。本研究可为未来优化线上或混合式教学环境中的教职工协作相关研究提供坚实的理论基础。