Killarney fern Trichomanes speciosum Willd. in Poland (2002 2008) the state of population and protection perspective

Killarney fern (Trichomanes speciosum Willd., Hymenophyllaceae) is one of the most endangered and interesting ferns in Europe, which forms exclusively independent gametophyte colonies. In Poland, it has been reported in two localities in the Westsudeten Foothills, Lower Silesia. They are the most eastern outposts of this taxon in Europe, suffering the most severe climatic conditions in the extent of its occurrence. In both sites, gametophytes occurred in horizontal rock fissures in the Upper Cretaceous sandstone, surrounded by degraded eastern oak-hornbeam forests. The analysis of its occurrence in Poland during sixth years showed dynamic changes of the population state. The population which occurs in the cave near Złotoryja has decreased between 2002 and 2006, to be almost extinct, but in the last two years its cover increased to half of its previous state. Gametophytes found in the locality near Lwówek Śląski (Panieńskie Skały) in years 2002 2004 have not been confirmed in 2008.

基拉尼蕨（Killarney fern，学名*Trichomanes speciosum* Willd.，膜蕨科Hymenophyllaceae）是欧洲最濒危且极具科研价值的蕨类物种之一，仅能形成独立的配子体（gametophyte）群落。波兰下西里西亚省的西苏台德山麓地带曾有两处该物种的分布记录，这两处分布点是该类群在欧洲分布的最东界，所处区域也是其分布范围内气候条件最为严酷的地带。两处调查点的配子体均生于上白垩统砂岩的水平岩缝中，周边被退化的东部栎-鹅耳枥林环绕。针对该物种在波兰六年期间的分布状况分析显示，其种群状态存在显著动态变化：位于兹洛托里贾附近洞穴的种群在2002至2006年间持续缩减，几近灭绝，但近两年其覆盖面积已回升至此前的一半；而2002至2004年在Lwówek Śląski附近的帕涅恩斯克岩群（Panieńskie Skały）发现的配子体种群，在2008年的调查中未得到确认。