Prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to school for adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to school (ATS) among Brazilian adolescents attending public schools. METHODS: Crossectional study with a representative sample of 1,984 adolescents (55.9% girls). Sociodemographic variables included were: gender, age, parental schooling, and socioeconomic status. Psychosocial factors included were: social support from parents and friends for physical activity. Walking, cycling, or skateboarding to school were considered models of active transportation. Binary logistic regression models verified sociodemographic and psychosocial factors association with ATS, adopting p < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of active transportation to school was 37.7% (16.2% boys and 21.5% girls). For boys, ATS was associated with: social support from parents in practicing physical activity together as a family (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.09–2.25), giving them rides (OR = 1.56; 95%CI 1.04–2.32), and remarking their good performance on it (OR = 1.73; CI95 1.08–2.76); as well as the social support from friends in practicing physical activity together (OR = 2.23; 95%CI 1.35–3.69). For girls, the likelihood of using ATS increased with age (OR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.06–1.92) and having friends who practice physical activity together with them (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.04–2.10). CONCLUSION: Age and social support for physical activity were associated with ATS. Parents who practice together, give rides, and remark on physical activities increase the likelihood of adolescent boys using ATS. Social support from friends to physical activity increased the likelihood of both genders using ATS.

摘要
研究目的：验证巴西公立学校青少年主动通勤上学（Active Transportation to School，以下简称ATS）的流行率及其相关影响因素。
方法：本研究为横断面研究，纳入1984名青少年作为代表性样本，其中女性占比55.9%。调研纳入的社会人口学变量包括性别、年龄、父母受教育程度及社会经济地位；心理社会因素包括父母与朋友对体育活动的社会支持。将步行、骑行或滑滑板上学定义为ATS模式。采用二元logistic回归模型分析与ATS相关的社会人口学及心理社会因素，检验水准设定为p<0.05。
结果：ATS的总流行率为37.7%（男生16.2%，女生21.5%）。对于男性青少年，ATS与以下因素显著相关：父母支持全家共同参与体育活动（比值比（Odds Ratio，以下简称OR）=1.57；95%置信区间（Confidence Interval，以下简称CI）：1.09~2.25）、父母驾车接送子女上下学（OR=1.56；95%CI：1.04~2.32）、父母肯定其体育活动表现（OR=1.73；95%CI：1.08~2.76），以及朋友间共同参与体育活动的社会支持（OR=2.23；95%CI：1.35~3.69）。对于女性青少年，采用ATS的可能性随年龄增长而升高（OR=1.43；95%CI：1.06~1.92），且拥有共同参与体育活动的朋友也会提升其采用ATS的概率（OR=1.48；95%CI：1.04~2.10）。
结论：年龄与体育活动社会支持均与ATS存在显著关联。父母与子女共同参与体育活动、驾车接送以及肯定其体育活动表现，可显著提升男性青少年采用ATS的可能性。朋友间的体育活动社会支持则可提升两类性别青少年采用ATS的可能性。