辽河油田典型地区石油类污染物馏分划分及性质，源排放估测数据

油气田开发排放的石油类污染物主要包括轻烃类气体的无组织排放、落地原油和含油污水。为了满足评估的需要，将复杂的石油类污染物划分成性质相近的馏分或组分群并估算相应的性质。参考Foster等人的研究结果，确定组分群划分的6个基本原则：(1)种类相同；(2)物理化学特性类似；(3)可以用同一种物理方法进行分离；(4)环境危害性或毒性的指示物；(5)所占混合物的比例；(6)分子结构相似。在应用上述6个原则的基础上，根据收集来的石油单体烃的性质，建立了石油评估所需的32个组分群。然后根据构成各组分群的烃类性质来估算模拟所需的物理化学性质和降解特性。按辽河原油和天然气的组成特征估算了石油烃各组分群的含量分布。用排放因子、类比等方法估算了1996-2007年油田轻烃、落地原油以及含油污水的年均石油排放量，进而得出32个组分群在油田各环境相的排放量。

Petroleum pollutants emitted during oil and gas field development mainly include fugitive emissions of light hydrocarbon gases, spilled crude oil, and oily wastewater. To meet the requirements of assessment, complex petroleum pollutants are divided into fractions or component groups with similar properties, and their corresponding properties are estimated. Referring to the research findings of Foster et al., six basic principles for dividing component groups were determined: (1) Identical species; (2) Similar physicochemical properties; (3) Separable using the same physical method; (4) Indicators of environmental harm or toxicity; (5) Proportion in the mixture; (6) Similar molecular structures. Based on the application of the above six principles, 32 component groups required for petroleum assessment were established according to the properties of collected individual petroleum hydrocarbons. Then, the physicochemical properties and degradation characteristics required for simulation were estimated based on the properties of the hydrocarbons constituting each component group. The content distribution of each component group of petroleum hydrocarbons was estimated based on the compositional characteristics of Liaohe crude oil and natural gas. The annual average petroleum emissions of field light hydrocarbons, spilled crude oil, and oily wastewater from 1996 to 2007 were estimated using methods such as emission factors and analogy, and thus the emissions of the 32 component groups in various environmental phases of the oil and gas field were obtained.