Phylogeny and biogeography of rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) from Australia and New Guinea

The family Melanotaeniidae (rainbowfishes) represents the largest monophyletic group of freshwater fishes found in Australia and New Guinea. The family consists of seven genera and a total of 81 species, which are broadly distributed throughout the region. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of Melanotaeniidae based on nearly complete taxonomic sampling of all species. We sequenced seven protein coding mitochondrial genes and the first two introns of the nuclear S7 gene, for a total of 6827 base pairs. Our goal was to use the phylogeny to infer the biogeographic history of rainbowfishes in this region, to provide a framework for the timing of divergence within the family, and to test for possible introgression between species. We found strong support for the monophyly of Melanotaeniidae. Three species-poor genera-Cairnsichthys, Rhadinocentrus and Iriatherina-were all resolved as early branching lineages within the family. The three species-rich genera-Melanotaenia, Chilatherina and Glo...

虹银汉鱼科（Melanotaeniidae，俗称彩虹鱼）是分布于澳大利亚与新几内亚的最大淡水鱼类单系群。该科包含7个属，总计81个物种，广泛分布于该区域范围内。本研究基于所有物种的近乎完整分类采样，开展了虹银汉鱼科的系统发育分析。我们测序了7个编码蛋白质的线粒体基因以及核S7基因的前两个内含子，序列总长共计6827个碱基对。本研究旨在通过构建系统发育树，推断该区域虹银汉鱼的生物地理演化历史，为该科类群的分化时间提供分析框架，并检验物种间可能存在的基因渐渗现象。研究结果强烈支持虹银汉鱼科的单系性。三个寡种属——凯恩斯银汉鱼属（Cairnsichthys）、细银汉鱼属（Rhadinocentrus）和艾琳银汉鱼属（Iriatherina）——均被解析为该科内的早期分支谱系；而三个多种属——虹银汉鱼属（Melanotaenia）、奇拉银汉鱼属（Chilatherina）以及Glo……