Relationship between Dyslipidemia, Cultural Factors, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Schoolchildren

Abstract Background: The presence of dyslipidemia and behavioral aspects are determinants of cardiovascular risk, especially in childhood and adolescence. Objective: To verify possible relationships between dyslipidemia, cultural factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in schoolchildren. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a sample of 1,254 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17 from the South of Brazil, 686 of whom were female. Dyslipidemia was defined as increased levels of at least one of the following lipid profile parameters: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions of high (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). Cultural aspects were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, considering the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) at 95%. Results: The results revealed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (41.9%), which was associated with female sex (OR: 1.56; IC: 1.24-1.96) and overweight/obese status (OR: 1.55; IC: 1.20-2.00). When lipid profile parameters were evaluated separately, high levels of LDL-c were observed to be associated with sedentary school transport (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.20-2.09). Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher chances of elevated levels of TC (OR: 1.40; IC: 1.07-1.84) and TG (OR: 3.21; IC: 1.96-5.26). HDL-c was shown to be related to high television time (OR: 1.59; IC: 1.00-2.54). Conclusion: Alterations in lipid parameters are associated with cultural factors, especially those related to sedentary lifestyle and low levels of CRF.

摘要 背景：血脂异常（dyslipidemia）与行为因素是心血管风险（cardiovascular risk）的决定因素，尤其在儿童期与青少年群体中。
目的：探究学龄儿童血脂异常、文化因素与心肺适能（cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF）之间的潜在关联。
方法：本横断面研究（cross-sectional study）纳入巴西南部1254名7至17岁的儿童及青少年作为研究样本，其中686名为女性。血脂异常的定义为至少存在以下一项血脂谱指标异常升高：甘油三酯（triglycerides, TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c）亚型。文化因素通过自填问卷（self-reported questionnaire）进行评估。采用logistic回归（logistic regression）分析数据，以比值比（odds ratios, OR）及95%置信区间（confidence intervals, CI）作为统计指标。
结果：研究显示血脂异常的患病率高达41.9%，且与女性性别（OR=1.56；95%CI：1.24~1.96）及超重/肥胖状态存在关联。单独分析各血脂谱指标时发现，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高与久坐型上下学交通方式相关（OR=1.59；95%CI：1.20~2.09）。超重/肥胖的学龄儿童出现总胆固醇水平升高（OR=1.40；95%CI：1.07~1.84）及甘油三酯水平升高（OR=3.21；95%CI：1.96~5.26）的风险更高。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与每日看电视时长过长相关（OR=1.59；95%CI：1.00~2.54）。
结论：血脂参数异常与文化因素存在关联，尤其是与久坐生活方式（sedentary lifestyle）及低心肺适能水平相关的文化因素。